Independent
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:Wanderer.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Wanderer above the Sea of Fog]]'' ([[1818]]) by [[Caspar David Friedrich]]]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Eugène Delacroix - La liberté guidant le peuple.jpg|thumb|right|200px|This page '''{{PAGENAME}}''' is part of the [[politics]] series.<br><small>Illustration:''[[Liberty Leading the People]]'' (1831, detail) by [[Eugène Delacroix]].</small>]] | ||
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| - | The '''Independent Group''' met at the [[Institute of Contemporary Arts]] (ICA) London from 1952-55. The Group consisted of artists, architects, designers and critics who wanted to challenge prevailing modernist approaches to culture. The Group introduced mass culture into debates about high culture, re-evaluated modernism and created the 'As Found' aesthetic. The Group is currently the subject of renewed interest in our postdisciplinary age, and was the subject of a two day, international conference at the Tate Britain in March 2007. | + | '''Independent''' may refer to: |
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| - | The '''Independent Group''' had its first meeting early in [[1952]] which consisted of [[Eduardo Paolozzi]] feeding a mass of colourful images from American magazines through an epidiascope. These images, collected when Paolozzi was resident in Paris during the late 1940s formed the basis of his BUNK series of Screenprints (1972) and the ''Krazy Kat Archives'' now held at the V & A Museum, London. The rest of the first '''Independent Group''' session concentrated on philosophy and technology during September 1952 to June 1953, and was chaired by design critic and historian, [[Reyner Banham]]. Key members at this stage included the artist [[Richard Hamilton]], Surrealist and magazine art director, [[Toni del Renzio]], sculptor [[William Turnbull]] and the photographer [[Nigel Henderson]]. The Group did not meet during late 1953 or early 1954, as they were concentrating on delivering a public programme of lectures at the ICA, ''Aesthetic Problems of Contemporary Art''. New members joined the '''Independent Group''' for its second full session, including the architects [[Alison and Peter Smithson]] who had staged the highly significant exhibition, ''Parallel of Life and Art'' at the ICA in the autumn of 1953. Reyner Banham stood down as chair of the ''Independent Group'', as he was busy with his PhD thesis at the Courtauld Institute of Art, and in late 1954 Dorothy Morland asked the art critic [[Lawrence Alloway]] and fine artist [[John McHale]] to reconvene the Independent Group for its second session. The painter [[Magda Cordell]] and her husband, music producer [[Frank Cordell]] joined the '''Independent Group''' at this point. | + | |
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| - | The second session focused on American mass culture such as Western movies, science [[fiction]], [[billboards]], car design and popular music. In having such discussions they drew upon [[Futurism (art)|Futurist]], [[Surrealist]], the [[Bauhaus]], and [[Dada]] concepts. [[Richard Hamilton]] organised an exhibition, ''Man, Machine and Motion'' in late 1955 at the Hatton Gallery, Newcastle and the ICA, which focussed on many ''Independent Group'' concerns. | + | |
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| - | In [[1956]] the group came to wider public attention with its participation in the exhibition [[This is Tomorrow]]. The IG ceased to meet in 1955, but the connections between the various members continued to bear fruit in the subsequent years of their creative practice. | + | |
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| - | '''Sources''' | + | |
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| - | [http://www.independentgroup.org.uk] | + | |
| - | Anne Massey, ''The Independent Group: Modernism and Mass Culture in Britain, 1945-59'', Manchester University Press, 1995. | + | *[[Independence]], the self-government of a nation, country, or state |
| + | *[[Independent film]] (or ''indie film''), usually a low-budget film that is produced by a small movie studio | ||
| + | *[[Independent record label]] (or ''indie label''), a record label not associated with a major label | ||
| + | *[[Indie (music)]], a number of genres associated with independent labels | ||
| - | David Robbins (Ed) ''The Independent Group: Postwar Britain and The Aesthetics of Plenty'', MIT Press, 1990. | + | In the arts: |
| - | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [Apr 2007] | + | *The [[Independent Group]] met at the [[Institute of Contemporary Arts]] (ICA) London from 1952-55. |
| - | [[Category:Non-mainstream]] | + | *[[Independent body parts]], a major trope of the [[uncanny]]. |
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Current revision
Illustration:Liberty Leading the People (1831, detail) by Eugène Delacroix.
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Independent may refer to:
- Independence, the self-government of a nation, country, or state
- Independent film (or indie film), usually a low-budget film that is produced by a small movie studio
- Independent record label (or indie label), a record label not associated with a major label
- Indie (music), a number of genres associated with independent labels
In the arts:
- The Independent Group met at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA) London from 1952-55.
- Independent body parts, a major trope of the uncanny.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Independent" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
