Indian philosophy
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
(Difference between revisions)
| Revision as of 21:22, 28 September 2009 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Revision as of 21:23, 28 September 2009 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) Next diff → |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | '''The Seven Wise Masters''' (also called '''The Seven Sages''' or '''The Seven Sages of Rome''') is a cycle of stories of [[Sanskrit literature|Sanskrit]], [[Persian literature|Persian]] or [[Hebrew literature|Hebrew]] origins. | + | The term ''' Indian philosophy''' (Sanskrit: '''Darshanas'''), may refer to any of several traditions of [[Eastern philosophy|philosophical thought]] that originated in the [[Indian subcontinent]], including [[Hindu philosophy]], [[Buddhist philosophy]], and [[Jain philosophy]]. Having the same or rather intertwined origins, all of these philosophies have a common underlying theme of [[Dharma]], and similarly attempt to explain the attainment of emancipation. They have been formalized and promulgated chiefly between 1,000 BC to a few centuries A.D, with residual commentaries and reformations continuing up to as late as the 20th century by [[Aurobindo]] and [[ISKCON]] among others, who provided stylized interpretations. |
| - | ==Story and Plot== | + | The characteristic of these schools is that they may belong to one "masthead" and disagree with each other, or be in agreement while professing allegiance to different banners. An example of the latter is the non-Vedic [[Jain]] and the Vedic [[Samkhya]] schools, <br />both of which have similar ideas on pluralism; an example of the former would be the [[Dvaita]] and the [[Advaita]] schools, both of whom are Vedic. However, every school has subtle differences. |
| - | The [[Sultan]] sends his son the young Prince to be educated away from the court in the seven liberal arts by Seven Wise Masters. On his return to court his stepmother the empress seeks to seduce him. To avert danger he is bound over to a week's silence by [[Sindibad]], leader of the Seven Wise Masters. During this time the empress accuses him to her husband, and seeks to bring about his death by seven stories which she relates to the emperor; but her narrative is each time confuted by the Seven Wise Masters led by [[Sindibad]]. Finally the prince's lips are unsealed, the truth exposed, and the wicked empress is executed. | + | |
| - | The [[frame story|frame narrative]] served as the flexible way to transmit tales to other listeners. The work was very popular in medieval [[Europe]] because of its ease in facilitating the transmission of [[misogyny|misogynistic]] tales. Such stories were growing in popularity when ''The Seven Wise Masters'' first arrived in Europe. | + | Competition between the various schools was intense during their formative years, especially between 800 BC to 200 AD. Some like the [[Jain]], [[Buddhist]], [[Shaiva]] and [[Advaita]] schools survived, while others like [[Samkhya]] and [[Ajivika]] did not. |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==Origins== | + | |
| - | The cycle of stories, which appears in many European languages, is of Eastern origin. An analogous collection occurs in [[Sanskrit]], attributed to the [[India]]n [[Indian philosophy|philosopher]] [[Syntipas]] in the first century BC, though the Indian original is unknown. Other suggested origins are [[Persian language|Persian]] (since the earliest surviving texts are in Persian) and [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] (a culture with similar tales, such as that of the biblical [[Joseph (Hebrew Bible)|Joseph]]) . | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Travelling from the east by way of [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Syriac language|Syriac]] and [[Greek language|Greek]], it was known as the book of Sindibd, and was translated from Greek into [[Latin]] in the 12th century by Jean de Hauteseille (Joannes de Alta Silva), a monk of the abbey of Haute-Seille near Toul, with the title of ''Dolopathos'' (ed. Hermann Österley, Strassburg, 1873). This was translated into French about 1210 by a [[trouvère]] named Herbers as ''Li romans de Dolopathos''; another French version, ''Li Romans des sept sages'', was based on a different Latin original. The German, English, French and Spanish [[chapbook]]s of the cycle are generally based on a Latin original differing from these. Three metrical romances probably based on the French, and dating from the 14th century, exist in English. The most important of these is ''The Sevyn Sages'' by [[John Rolland]] of Dalkeith edited for the Bannatyne Club (Edinburgh, 1837). | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | History later: | + | |
| - | The collection later supplied tales that circulated in both oral and written traditions. [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] used many of them for his famous work, the ''[[Decameron]]''. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | The Latin romance was frequently printed in the 15th century, and [[Wynkyn de Worde]] printed an English version about 1515. See: | + | |
| - | *[[Gaston Paris]], ''Deux rédactions du "Roman des sept sages de Rome"'' (Paris, [[Société des anciens textes français]], 1876) | + | |
| - | *Georg Büchner, ''Historia septem sapientium'' (Erlangen, 1889) | + | |
| - | *Killis Campbell, ''A Study of the Romance of the Seven Sages with special reference to the middle English versions'' (Baltimore, 1898) | + | |
| - | *[[Domenico Comparetti]], ''Researches respecting the Book of Sindibdd'' (Folk-Lore Soc., 1882). | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==Sources== | + | |
| - | Irwin, Bonnie D. "The Seven Sages," in ''Medieval Folklore: A Guide to Myths, Legends, Beliefs, and Customs,'' eds. Carl Lindahl, John McNamara, & John Lindow. Oxford University Press: 2002. | + | |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 21:23, 28 September 2009
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
The term Indian philosophy (Sanskrit: Darshanas), may refer to any of several traditions of philosophical thought that originated in the Indian subcontinent, including Hindu philosophy, Buddhist philosophy, and Jain philosophy. Having the same or rather intertwined origins, all of these philosophies have a common underlying theme of Dharma, and similarly attempt to explain the attainment of emancipation. They have been formalized and promulgated chiefly between 1,000 BC to a few centuries A.D, with residual commentaries and reformations continuing up to as late as the 20th century by Aurobindo and ISKCON among others, who provided stylized interpretations.
The characteristic of these schools is that they may belong to one "masthead" and disagree with each other, or be in agreement while professing allegiance to different banners. An example of the latter is the non-Vedic Jain and the Vedic Samkhya schools,
both of which have similar ideas on pluralism; an example of the former would be the Dvaita and the Advaita schools, both of whom are Vedic. However, every school has subtle differences.
Competition between the various schools was intense during their formative years, especially between 800 BC to 200 AD. Some like the Jain, Buddhist, Shaiva and Advaita schools survived, while others like Samkhya and Ajivika did not.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Indian philosophy" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
