Information
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| Conceptually, [[information content|information is the message]] (utterance or expression) being [[Conveyed concept|conveyed]]. Therefore, in a general sense, information is "''Knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance''", or rather, information is an answer to a question. Information cannot be predicted and resolves [[uncertainty]]. The uncertainty of an event is measured by its probability of occurrence and is inversely proportional to that. The more uncertain an event, the more information is required to resolve uncertainty of that event. The amount of information is measured in [[Bit|bits]]. | Conceptually, [[information content|information is the message]] (utterance or expression) being [[Conveyed concept|conveyed]]. Therefore, in a general sense, information is "''Knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance''", or rather, information is an answer to a question. Information cannot be predicted and resolves [[uncertainty]]. The uncertainty of an event is measured by its probability of occurrence and is inversely proportional to that. The more uncertain an event, the more information is required to resolve uncertainty of that event. The amount of information is measured in [[Bit|bits]]. | ||
| - | The concept of information becomes closely related to notions of [[Constraint (information theory)|constraint]], [[communication]], [[control system|control]], [[data]], [[form]]{{disambiguation needed|date=January 2013}}, [[Education|instruction]], [[knowledge]], [[Meaning (linguistics)|meaning]], [[understanding]], [[stimulation|mental stimuli]], [[pattern theory|pattern]], [[perception]], [[knowledge representation|representation]], and [[Entropy (information theory)|entropy]]. | + | The concept of information becomes closely related to notions of [[Constraint (information theory)|constraint]], [[communication]], [[control system|control]], [[data]], [[form]], [[Education|instruction]], [[knowledge]], [[Meaning (linguistics)|meaning]], [[understanding]], [[stimulation|mental stimuli]], [[pattern theory|pattern]], [[perception]], [[knowledge representation|representation]], and [[Entropy (information theory)|entropy]]. |
| == Etymology == | == Etymology == | ||
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Information, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system that can interpret the information.
Conceptually, information is the message (utterance or expression) being conveyed. Therefore, in a general sense, information is "Knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance", or rather, information is an answer to a question. Information cannot be predicted and resolves uncertainty. The uncertainty of an event is measured by its probability of occurrence and is inversely proportional to that. The more uncertain an event, the more information is required to resolve uncertainty of that event. The amount of information is measured in bits.
The concept of information becomes closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, understanding, mental stimuli, pattern, perception, representation, and entropy.
Etymology
Template:See also The English word was apparently derived from the Latin stem (information-) of the nominative (informatio): this noun is derived from the verb "informare" (to inform) in the sense of "to give form to the mind", "to discipline", "instruct", "teach": "Men so wise should go and inform their kings." (1330) Inform itself comes (via French informer) from the Latin verb informare, which means to give form, or to form an idea of. Furthermore, Latin itself already contained the word informatio meaning concept or idea, but the extent to which this may have influenced the development of the word information in English is not clear.
The ancient Greek word for form was μορφή (morphe; cf. morph) and also εἶδος (eidos) "kind, idea, shape, set", the latter word was famously used in a technical philosophical sense by Plato (and later Aristotle) to denote the ideal identity or essence of something (see Theory of Forms). "Eidos" can also be associated with thought, proposition, or even concept.
Etymology
The English word was apparently derived from the Latin accusative form (informationem) of the nominative (informatio): this noun is in its turn derived from the verb "informare" (to inform) in the sense of "to give form to the mind", "to discipline", "instruct", "teach": "Men so wise should go and inform their kings." (1330) Inform itself comes (via French) from the Latin verb informare, to give form to, to form an idea of. Furthermore, Latin itself already contained the word informatio meaning concept or idea, but the extent to which this may have influenced the development of the word information in English is not clear.
The ancient Greek word for form was μορφή (morphe; confer morph) and also εἶδος (eidos) "kind, idea, shape, set", the latter word was famously used in a technical philosophical sense by Plato (and later Aristotle) to denote the ideal identity or essence of something (see Theory of forms). "Eidos" can also be associated with thought, proposition or even concept.
See also
- Abstraction
- Accuracy and precision
- Classified information
- Complexity
- Cybernetics
- Data storage device#Recording medium
- Exformation
- Free Information Infrastructure
- Freedom of information
- Gregory Bateson
- Information and communication technologies
- Information architecture
- Information broker
- Information continuum
- Information entropy
- Information geometry
- Information inequity
- Information infrastructure
- Information ladder
- Information mapping
- Information overload
- Information processing
- Information processor
- Information sensitivity
- Information superhighway
- Information systems
- Information theory
- Infornography
- Infosphere
- Lexicographic information cost
- Library science
- Philosophy of information
- Prediction
- Propaganda model
- Quantum information
- Receiver operating characteristic
- Relevance
- Satisficing
- Shannon–Hartley theorem
