Italian Renaissance  

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-{{Template}}The '''Italian Renaissance''' began the opening phase of the [[Renaissance]], a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to about 1600, marking the transition between [[Medieval]] and [[Early Modern Europe]]. The term ''renaissance'' is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the nineteenth century, in the work of historians such as [[Jacob Burckhardt]]. Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely [[Medieval]]; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century. The word ''renaissance'' (''Rinascimento'' in Italian) means “rebirth”, and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of [[classical antiquity]] after the period that [[Renaissance humanism|Renaissance humanists]] labelled the [[Dark Ages]]. These changes, while significant, were concentrated in the elite, and for the vast majority of the population life was little changed from the Middle Ages.+{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"Had the whole of [[Europe]] at that time been of [[Italian Renaissance|the same mind as Italy]], [[Renaissance humanism]] might have established [[freedom of thought]] everywhere, simply by default of opposition. Europe might have returned to—or, if you like, relapsed into—a [[liberalism]] resembling that of [[Pre-Christian|pre-Christian antiquity]]. Whatever may have followed after that, our [[hemoclysm|present disasters]] would not have occurred." --''[[The Logic of Liberty]]'' (1951) by [[Michael Polanyi]]
 +|}
 +[[Image:Mona Lisa.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|'''''Mona Lisa''''', or '''''La Gioconda.''''' '''''(La Joconde)''''', is a [[16th century]] [[oil painting]] by [[Leonardo da Vinci]], and is one of the most [[famous]] paintings in the world. ]]
 +{{Template}}
 +The '''Italian Renaissance''' began the opening phase of the [[Renaissance]], a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the [[14th century]] to the end of the [[16th century]], marking the transition between [[Medieval]] and [[Early Modern Europe]].
 + 
 +The term ''renaissance'' is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the nineteenth century, in the work of historians such as [[Jacob Burckhardt]]. Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and [[patronage]] can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely [[Medieval]]; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century. The word ''renaissance'' (''Rinascimento'' in Italian) means “rebirth”, and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of [[classical antiquity]] after the period that [[Renaissance humanism|Renaissance humanists]] labelled the [[Dark Ages]]. These changes, while significant, were concentrated in the elite, and for the vast majority of the population life was little changed from the Middle Ages.
The Italian Renaissance began in [[Tuscany]], centered in the cities of [[Florence]] and [[Siena]]. It later had a significant impact in Venice, where the remains of ancient Greek culture were brought together, feeding the humanist scholars with new texts. The Renaissance later had a significant effect on [[Rome]], which was ornamented with some structures in the new ''all'antico'' mode, then was largely rebuilt by sixteenth-century [[pope]]s. The Italian Renaissance peaked in the late 15th century as foreign invasions plunged the region into turmoil: see [[Italian Wars]]. However, the ideas and ideals of the Renaissance spread into the rest of Europe, setting off the [[Northern Renaissance]] centered in [[Fontainebleau]] and [[Antwerp]], and the [[English Renaissance]]. The Italian Renaissance began in [[Tuscany]], centered in the cities of [[Florence]] and [[Siena]]. It later had a significant impact in Venice, where the remains of ancient Greek culture were brought together, feeding the humanist scholars with new texts. The Renaissance later had a significant effect on [[Rome]], which was ornamented with some structures in the new ''all'antico'' mode, then was largely rebuilt by sixteenth-century [[pope]]s. The Italian Renaissance peaked in the late 15th century as foreign invasions plunged the region into turmoil: see [[Italian Wars]]. However, the ideas and ideals of the Renaissance spread into the rest of Europe, setting off the [[Northern Renaissance]] centered in [[Fontainebleau]] and [[Antwerp]], and the [[English Renaissance]].

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"Had the whole of Europe at that time been of the same mind as Italy, Renaissance humanism might have established freedom of thought everywhere, simply by default of opposition. Europe might have returned to—or, if you like, relapsed into—a liberalism resembling that of pre-Christian antiquity. Whatever may have followed after that, our present disasters would not have occurred." --The Logic of Liberty (1951) by Michael Polanyi

Mona Lisa, or La Gioconda. (La Joconde), is a 16th century oil painting by Leonardo da Vinci, and is one of the most famous paintings in the world.
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Mona Lisa, or La Gioconda. (La Joconde), is a 16th century oil painting by Leonardo da Vinci, and is one of the most famous paintings in the world.

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The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th century to the end of the 16th century, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe.

The term renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the nineteenth century, in the work of historians such as Jacob Burckhardt. Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely Medieval; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century. The word renaissance (Rinascimento in Italian) means “rebirth”, and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity after the period that Renaissance humanists labelled the Dark Ages. These changes, while significant, were concentrated in the elite, and for the vast majority of the population life was little changed from the Middle Ages.

The Italian Renaissance began in Tuscany, centered in the cities of Florence and Siena. It later had a significant impact in Venice, where the remains of ancient Greek culture were brought together, feeding the humanist scholars with new texts. The Renaissance later had a significant effect on Rome, which was ornamented with some structures in the new all'antico mode, then was largely rebuilt by sixteenth-century popes. The Italian Renaissance peaked in the late 15th century as foreign invasions plunged the region into turmoil: see Italian Wars. However, the ideas and ideals of the Renaissance spread into the rest of Europe, setting off the Northern Renaissance centered in Fontainebleau and Antwerp, and the English Renaissance.

The Italian Renaissance is best known for its cultural achievements. They include works of literature by such figures as Petrarch, Castiglione, and Machiavelli: see Renaissance literature; works of art by artists such as Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci: see Renaissance art; and great works of architecture, such as The Duomo in Florence and St. Peter's Basilica in Rome: see Renaissance architecture. At the same time, present-day historians also see the era as one of economic regression and of little progress in science, which made its great leaps forward among Protestant culture in the seventeenth century.

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Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Italian Renaissance" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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