January 19  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-*[[1419]] - [[Hundred Years' War]]: [[Rouen]] surrenders to [[Henry V of England]] completing his reconquest of [[Normandy]]. 
-*[[1511]] - [[Mirandola]] surrenders to the [[France|French]]. 
-*[[1520]] - [[Sten Sture the Younger]], the [[List of Swedish monarchs|Regent of Sweden]], was mortally wounded at the [[Battle of Bogesund]]. 
*[[1764]] - [[John Wilkes]] is expelled from the [[British House of Commons]] for [[sedition|seditious]] [[libel]]. *[[1764]] - [[John Wilkes]] is expelled from the [[British House of Commons]] for [[sedition|seditious]] [[libel]].
-*[[1788]] - Second group of ships of the [[First Fleet]] arrives at [[Botany Bay]]. 
-*[[1795]] - [[Batavian Republic]] is proclaimed in the [[Netherlands]]. End of the [[Republic of the Seven United Netherlands]]. 
-*[[1806]] - The [[United Kingdom]] occupies the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. 
-*[[1812]] - [[Peninsular War]]: After a ten day siege, [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]], orders British soldiers of the Light and third divisions to storm [[Ciudad Rodrigo]].  
-*[[1817]] - An army of 5,423 soldiers, led by General [[José de San Martín]], [[Crossing of the Andes|crosses the Andes]] from [[Argentina]] to liberate [[Chile]] and then [[Peru]].  
*[[1829]] - [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]'s ''[[Faust Part 1]]'' premieres. *[[1829]] - [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]]'s ''[[Faust Part 1]]'' premieres.
-*[[1839]] - [[British East India Company]] captures [[Aden]]. 
-*[[1840]] - Captain [[Charles Wilkes]] circumnavigates [[Antarctica]], claiming what became known as [[Wilkes Land]] for the [[United States]]. 
*[[1853]] - [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s [[opera]] ''[[Il Trovatore]]'' premieres in [[Rome]]. *[[1853]] - [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s [[opera]] ''[[Il Trovatore]]'' premieres in [[Rome]].
-*[[1862]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Mill Springs]] - The [[Confederate States of America]] suffers its first significant defeat in the conflict. 
-*[[1871]] - [[Franco-Prussian War]]: [[Battle of St. Quentin (1871)|Battle of St. Quentin]] is fought, resulting in a decisive [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] victory. 
-*[[1883]] - The first electric lighting system employing overhead wires, built by [[Thomas Edison]], begins service at [[Roselle, New Jersey]]. 
*[[1893]] - [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s [[play]] ''[[The Master Builder]]'' premieres in [[Berlin]]. *[[1893]] - [[Henrik Ibsen]]'s [[play]] ''[[The Master Builder]]'' premieres in [[Berlin]].
-*[[1899]] - [[Anglo-Egyptian Sudan]] is formed. 
-*[[1915]] - [[Georges Claude]] patents the [[neon]] discharge tube for use in [[advertising]].  
-* 1915 - [[World War I]]: [[Germany|German]] [[zeppelin]]s bomb the cities of [[Great Yarmouth]] and [[King's Lynn]] in the [[United Kingdom]] killing more than 20, in the first major aerial bombardment of a civilian target. 
-*[[1917]] - [[Germany|German]] Foreign Secretary [[Arthur Zimmermann]] sends the [[Zimmermann Telegram]] to [[Mexico]], proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the [[United States]]. 
-* 1917 - [[Silvertown explosion]]: 73 are killed and 400 injured in an explosion in a munitions plant in [[London]]. 
-*[[1918]] - [[Finnish Civil War]]: The first serious battles between the [[Red Guards (Finland)|Red Guards]] and the [[White Guard (Finland)|White Guard]]. 
-*[[1920]] - The [[United States Senate]] votes against joining the [[League of Nations]]. 
-*[[1935]] - [[Coopers Inc.]] sells the world's first [[briefs]]. 
-*[[1937]] - [[Howard Hughes]] sets a new air record by flying from [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]] to [[New York City]] in 7 hours, 28 minutes, 25 seconds. 
-*[[1941]] - [[World War II]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] troops attack [[Italy|Italian]]-held [[Eritrea]]. 
-*[[1942]] - [[World War II]]: [[Japan]]ese forces invade [[Myanmar|Burma]]. 
-*[[1945]] - [[World War II]]: [[Soviet]] forces liberate the ghetto of [[Łódź]]. Out of 230,000 inhabitants in [[1940]], less than 900 had survived [[Nazism|Nazi]] occupation. 
-*[[1946]] - General [[Douglas MacArthur]] establishes the [[International Military Tribunal for the Far East]] in [[Tokyo]] to try [[Japan]]ese [[war crimes|war criminals]]. 
-*[[1949]] - [[Cuba]] recognises [[Israel]]. 
-*[[1953]] - 68% of all [[United States]] [[television]] sets are tuned in to ''[[I Love Lucy]]'' to watch [[Lucille Ball|Lucy]] give birth. 
-*[[1966]] - [[Indira Gandhi]] is elected [[Prime Minister of India]]. 
-*[[1969]] - Student [[Jan Palach]] dies after setting himself on fire 3 days earlier in [[Prague]]'s [[Wenceslas Square]] to protest the invasion of [[Czechoslovakia]] by the [[Soviet Union]] in [[1968]]. His [[funeral]] turned into another major protest. 
-*[[1971]] - The revival of ''[[No, No, Nanette]]'' premieres at [[46th Street Theatre]], [[New York City]]. 
-*[[1974]] - The [[UCLA]] [[basketball|men's basketball]] team sees its 88-game winning streak end at the hands of [[University of Notre Dame|Notre Dame]].  
-*[[1975]] - [[Triple J]] begins broadcasting in [[Sydney]], [[Australia]]. 
-*[[1977]] - President [[Gerald Ford]] pardons [[Iva Toguri D'Aquino]] (a.k.a. "[[Tokyo Rose]]"). 
-* 1977 - [[Snow]] falls in [[Miami, Florida]]. This is the only time in the [[History of Miami, Florida|history of]] the [[city]] that snowfall has occurred. It also fell in the [[Bahamas]]. 
-*[[1978]] - The last [[Volkswagen Beetle]] made in [[Germany]] leaves VW's plant in [[Emden, Germany|Emden]]. Beetle production in [[Latin America]] will continue until [[2003]].  
-*[[1981]] - [[Iran Hostage Crisis]]: [[United States]] and [[Iran]]ian officials sign an agreement to release 52 [[United States|American]] hostages after 14 months of captivity. 
-*[[1983]] - [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[war crime|war criminal]] [[Klaus Barbie]] is arrested in [[Bolivia]]. 
-* 1983 - The [[Apple Lisa]], the first commercial [[personal computer]] from [[Apple Computer|Apple Computer, Inc.]] to have a [[graphical user interface]] and a [[computer mouse]], is announced. 
-*[[1991]] - The [[Party of the Alliance of Youth, Workers and Farmers of Angola]] is founded in [[Luanda]], [[Angola]]. 
-*[[1992]] - [[Decree time]] is restored in [[Russia]] after its previous abolition in [[March 1991]]. 
-*[[1993]] - [[International Business Machines|IBM]] announces a $4.97 billion loss for [[1992]], the largest single-year corporate loss in [[United States]] history.  
-*[[1997]] - [[Yasser Arafat]] returns to [[Hebron]] after more than 30 years and joins celebrations over the handover of the last [[Israel]]i-controlled [[West Bank]] city. 
-*[[2006]] - A Slovak Air Force [[Antonov An-24]] [[2006 Slovak Air Force Antonov An-24 crash|crashes]] in [[Hungary]]. 
-* 2006 - The [[New Horizons]] probe is launched by [[NASA]] on the first mission to [[Pluto]]. 
-* 2006 - [[Jet Airways]] announces its purchase of [[Air Sahara]], creating the largest domestic airline in [[India]]. 
==Births== ==Births==

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