January 2015 Île-de-France attacks
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- | + | From 7 to 9 January 2015, [[terrorist attacks]] occurred across the [[Île-de-France]] region, particularly in [[Paris]]. Three attackers killed a total of 17 in four shooting attacks, and police then killed the three assailants. | |
- | {{merge from|Amedy Coulibaly|discuss=Talk:Amedy_Coulibaly#Merger proposal|date=March 2020}} | + | |
- | [[File:Rally in support of the victims of the 2015 Charlie Hebdo shootin, Paris , 11 January 2015 (11).jpg|thumb|Rally in support of the victims of the 2015 Charlie Hebdo shootin]] | + | |
- | {{Infobox civilian attack | + | |
- | |title=Île-de-France attacks | + | |
- | |map = | + | |
- | |map_size = | + | |
- | |map_alt = | + | |
- | |map_caption = | + | |
- | |partof = [[Islamic terrorism in Europe]] | + | |
- | |location = '''''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting:''' 10 [[Rue Nicolas-Appert]], [[11th arrondissement of Paris]], France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/portfolio/2015/01/07/en-images-l-attentat-de-charlie-hebdo_4550797_3224.html|title=En images: à 11 h 30, des hommes armés ouvrent le feu rue Nicolas-Appert|work=Le Monde|date=7 January 2015}}</ref><br /> '''Dammartin-en-Goële hostage crisis:''' [[Dammartin-en-Goële]], France<br />'''Fontenay-aux-Roses shooting:''' [[Fontenay-aux-Roses]], France<br />'''Montrouge shooting:''' Corner of Avenue Pierre Brossolette and Avenue de la Paix in [[Montrouge]], France<br />'''Hypercacher Kosher Supermarket siege:''' in [[Porte de Vincennes]], Paris, France | + | |
- | |target = ''Charlie Hebdo'' employees, police officers, kosher grocery and citizens in and around Paris | + | |
- | |date = {{Start date|2015|01|07|df=yes}} 11:30 [[Central European Time|CET]] –{{End date|2015|01|09|df=yes}} 18:35 [[Central European Time|CET]] | + | |
- | |timezone = [[UTC+01:00]] | + | |
- | |type = [[Mass shooting]], [[terrorism]], [[hostage crisis]] | + | |
- | | fatalities='''20 total:''' | + | |
- | * 8 employees, 2 police officers, and 2 others at ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting <!-- Boisseau and Renaud were not employees, hence "others" --> | + | |
- | * 1 police officer at Montrouge shooting | + | |
- | * 2 gunmen at Dammartin-en-Goële hostage crisis | + | |
- | * 4 hostages and 1 gunman at Hypercacher Kosher Supermarket siege | + | |
- | + | ||
- | | injuries = '''22 total:''' | + | |
- | * 11 people at ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting | + | |
- | * 1 civilian at Fontenay-aux-Roses shooting | + | |
- | * 1 bystander at Montrouge shooting | + | |
- | * 6 hostages and 3 police officers at the Hypercacher Kosher Supermarket siege | + | |
- | |perps = * [[Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]]<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/14/us-france-shooting-aqap-idUSKBN0KN0VO20150114|title=Al Qaeda claims French attack, derides Paris rally|work=Reuters|accessdate=14 January 2015|date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114132028/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/14/us-france-shooting-aqap-idUSKBN0KN0VO20150114|archive-date=2015-01-14|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant2.svg}} [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] | + | |
- | |perpetrators= [[Charlie Hebdo shooting#Ch.C3.A9rif and Sa.C3.AFd Kouachi|Saïd and Chérif Kouachi]], [[Amedy Coulibaly]] | + | |
- | |weapons = * [[Vz. 58]] [[assault rifle]]s<ref name=bloomberg7jan> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-07/paris-killings-show-rise-of-banned-weapons-of-war-in-france.html|title=Paris Killings Show Rise of Banned French 'Weapons of War'|author=Helene Fouquet|date=7 January 2015|work=Bloomberg|access-date=2017-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110082208/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-07/paris-killings-show-rise-of-banned-weapons-of-war-in-france.html|archive-date=2015-01-10|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | * [[Pump action]] [[shotgun]]<ref name=indep7jan> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/charlie-hebdo-shooting-10-killed-as-shots-fired-at-satirical-magazine-headquarters-according-to-reports-9962337.html|title=Charlie Hebdo shooting: At least 12 killed as shots fired at satirical magazine's Paris office|work=The Independent|accessdate=9 January 2015|date=7 January 2015|location=London|first1=Adam|last1=Withnall|first2=John|last2=Lichfield|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109011619/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/charlie-hebdo-shooting-10-killed-as-shots-fired-at-satirical-magazine-headquarters-according-to-reports-9962337.html|archive-date=2015-01-09|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | * [[M80 Zolja]] | + | |
- | * [[Škorpion vz. 61]] [[submachine gun]] | + | |
- | * Two [[TT pistol|Tokarev pistol]]s<ref name="ABC News">{{cite web|title=Charlie Hebdo shooting: Amedy Coulibaly linked to attack on jogger after magazine massacre|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-01-12/french-attacker-amedy-coulibaly-linked-to-shooting/6011510|date=11 January 2015|work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]]|accessdate=13 January 2015}}</ref> | + | |
- | |numpart = | + | |
- | |motive = <!-- note: we can't use Hollande as a source for this: he's not a [[WP:RS]] -- let's let reliable sources work this out first, then we can report their findings here. If you have an issue with this, please discuss it at the talk page so we can achieve consensus before editing further --> | + | |
- | }} | + | |
- | + | ||
- | From 7 to 9 January 2015, [[terrorist attacks]] occurred across the [[Île-de-France]] region, particularly in [[Paris]]. Three attackers killed a total of 17 in four shooting attacks, and police then killed the three assailants.<ref name=yahoo>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/brothers-past-draws-scrutiny-french-manhunt-enters-day-073049780.html |title=French security forces kill gunmen, end terror rampage |accessdate=15 January 2015 |date=9 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113074036/http://news.yahoo.com/brothers-past-draws-scrutiny-french-manhunt-enters-day-073049780.html |archivedate=13 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name=startribunenews>{{cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/world/288018961.html |title=French security forces kill gunmen to end terror rampage; 20 dead in 3 days of violence |accessdate=15 January 2015 |date=9 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112005126/http://www.startribune.com/world/288018961.html |archivedate=12 January 2015 }}</ref> The attacks also wounded 22 other people. A fifth shooting attack did not result in any fatalities. [[Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula]] claimed responsibility and said that the coordinated attacks had been planned for years.<ref name=CNN> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/14/europe/charlie-hebdo-france-attacks/|title=Al Qaeda branch claims Charlie Hebdo attack was years in the making|accessdate=15 January 2015|date=15 January 2015|work=CNN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114170144/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/14/europe/charlie-hebdo-france-attacks/|archive-date=2015-01-14|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> The claim of responsibility for the deadly attack on the magazine came in a video showing AQAP commander [[Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi|Nasr Ibn Ali al-Ansi]], with pictures of the Kouachis in the background. However, while authorities say the video is authentic, there is no proof that AQAP helped to carry out the attacks. Amedy Coulibaly, who committed the Montrouge shooting and the Hypercacher Kosher Supermarket siege claimed that he belonged to [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|ISIS]] before he died. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==Attack events summary== | + | |
- | The attacks began on 7 January, when two gunmen [[Charlie Hebdo shooting|attacked]] the headquarters of the satirical newspaper ''[[Charlie Hebdo]],'' killing 12 people and wounding 12 others before escaping. On 9 January, police tracked the assailants to an industrial estate in [[Dammartin-en-Goële]], where they took a hostage. Another gunman shot a police officer on 8 January. He killed four more victims and [[Hypercacher Kosher Supermarket siege|took hostages]] on January 9 at a [[Kosher foods|kosher]] supermarket near the [[Porte de Vincennes]].<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/prise-d-otage-dans-une-epicerie-casher-porte-de-vincennes-a-paris-09-01-2015-4432557.php|title=EN DIRECT. Porte de Vincennes: 5 personnes retenues en otage dans une épicerie casher|date=9 January 2015|work=Le Parisien|access-date=2015-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109153244/http://www.leparisien.fr/faits-divers/prise-d-otage-dans-une-epicerie-casher-porte-de-vincennes-a-paris-09-01-2015-4432557.php|archive-date=2015-01-09|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> French armed forces and police conducted simultaneous raids in Dammartin and Porte de Vincennes, killing all three attackers. | + | |
- | After 12 January 2015 and for an indefinite period, as part of [[Operation Sentinelle]], nearly 10,500 military personnel were deployed in France to secure 830 sensitive places (school, churches, press organizations, etc ). | + | |
- | + | ||
- | At the time, the attacks comprised the deadliest act of [[List of terrorist attacks in France|terrorism in France]] since the [[1961 Vitry-Le-François train bombing]] by the [[Organisation armée secrète]] (OAS), which was working against Algerian independence.<ref name="Pech"> | + | |
- | {{cite news|title=L'attentat le plus meurtrier depuis Vitry-Le-François en 1961|first=Marie-Estelle|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/07/01016-20150107ARTFIG00178-historique-des-attentats-en-france-depuis-1994.php|last=Pech|work=Le Figaro|date=7 January 2015|accessdate=7 January 2015|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6VRGudv6y?url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/07/01016-20150107ARTFIG00178-historique-des-attentats-en-france-depuis-1994.php|archive-date=2015-01-08|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> These fatalities were surpassed ten months later by the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]]. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==Background== | + | |
- | In December 2014, three attacks occurred in a span of three days in France. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [[2014 Tours police station stabbing|The first attack]] occurred in [[Joué-lès-Tours]], in which a knife-wielding man attacked a police station, injuring three officers before being killed.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|last1=Mulholland|first1=Rory|title=French knife attacker Bertrand Nzohabonayo was Islamic convert|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11307094/French-knife-attacker-Bertrand-Nzohabonayo-was-Islamic-convert.html|accessdate=7 March 2015|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=21 December 2014|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402045356/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11307094/French-knife-attacker-Bertrand-Nzohabonayo-was-Islamic-convert.html|archive-date=2015-04-02|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> [[2014 Dijon attack|The second attack]] occurred in [[Dijon]], in which a man used a vehicle to run over eleven pedestrians in several areas of the city before being arrested.<ref name=bbc> | + | |
- | {{cite news|title=France Dijon: Driver targets city pedestrians|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30571911|accessdate=22 December 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|date=21 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221235002/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30571911|archive-date=2014-12-21|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> [[2014 Nantes attack|The third attack]] occurred in [[Nantes]], in which a vehicular attack at a [[Christmas market]] resulted in ten people being injured and one fatality. The driver was arrested after attempting suicide.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|last1=Samuel|first1=Henry|title=Man rams van into Christmas market in western France|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11309311/Man-rams-van-into-Christmas-market-in-western-France.html|accessdate=26 December 2014|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=22 December 2014|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225160148/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11309311/Man-rams-van-into-Christmas-market-in-western-France.html|archive-date=2014-12-25|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Although the French government concluded that the attacks were not related to each other, it heightened the nation's security and deployed 300 soldiers to patrol the nation's streets.<ref name=BBC> | + | |
- | {{cite news|title=France to deploy soldiers after spate of attacks|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30586798|accessdate=26 December 2014|work=[[BBC News]]|date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226010314/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-30586798|archive-date=2014-12-26|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==Attacks== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting=== | + | |
- | {{Main|Charlie Hebdo shooting}} | + | |
- | The first and deadliest of the attacks occurred at 11:30 [[Central European Time|CET]] on January 7, 2015 at the offices of ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]''. The Charlie Hebdo magazine began publishing in 1970 with the goal of satirizing religion, politics, and other topics.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/01/21/europe/2015-paris-terror-attacks-fast-facts/index.html|title=2015 Charlie Hebdo Attacks Fast Facts|last=Library|first=C. N. N.|website=CNN|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref> In 2006, Charlie Hebdo reprinted controversial cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed that originally appeared in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten. French President Jacques Chirac criticized their decision to include the cartoons and called it "overt provocation." In 2011, the magazine's offices were destroyed by a gasoline bomb after it published a caricature of the Prophet Mohammed.<ref name="France: A timeline of terror">{{Cite web|url=https://news.sky.com/story/france-a-timeline-of-terror-10787264|title=France: A timeline of terror|website=Sky News|language=en|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref> Two gunmen, later identified as Chérif and Saïd Kouachi, entered the building and fatally shot eight employees, two police officers, and two others, and injured eleven other people.<ref name="Internationalbuisnesstimes"> | + | |
- | {{cite news|title=Charlie Hebdo Shooting: 12 Dead, 5 Critically Injured After 'Terrorist Attack' On Paris Magazine HQ|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/charlie-hebdo-shooting-12-dead-5-critically-injured-after-terrorist-attack-paris-1775732|last=Pech|work=International Business Times|date=January 7, 2015|access-date=2015-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110003414/http://www.ibtimes.com/charlie-hebdo-shooting-12-dead-5-critically-injured-after-terrorist-attack-paris-1775732|archive-date=2015-01-10|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> The perpetrators fled the scene following the shooting. Despite police responding to the situation and arriving on scene as the gunman were leaving, the two gunman were able to escape by car. The gunman's getaway car was found abandoned - after crashing into another vehicle about 2 miles north of where the shootings occurred at the Charlie Hebdo offices. Investigators found Molotov cocktails and jihadist flags in the car.<ref name="bbc.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30708237|title=Charlie Hebdo attack: Three days of terror|date=2015-01-14|access-date=2019-11-10|language=en-GB}}</ref> The primary motive behind the shooting is said to be the ''Charlie Hebdo'' cartoons making fun of numerous Islamic leaders. The shooting received widespread condemnation internationally and a [[National Day of Mourning]] was held in France on 8 January. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Fontenay-aux-Roses and Montrouge shootings=== | + | |
- | The first shooting occurred on 7 January, a few hours after the ''Charlie Hebdo'' attack. A 32-year-old man who was out jogging in [[Fontenay-aux-Roses]] was wounded.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/charlie-hebdo-attackers-radicalized-in-search-for-identity-a-1013475-5.html|title=Terror from the Fringes: Searching for Answers in the "Charlie Hebdo" Attacks|work=Spiegel Online|date=19 January 2015|accessdate=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127052558/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/charlie-hebdo-attackers-radicalized-in-search-for-identity-a-1013475-5.html|archive-date=2015-11-27|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> The man suffered injuries to his arm and back and as of 11 January was in critical condition. Shell casings found at the scene were later linked to the weapon carried by Coulibaly at the Hypercacher Kosher Supermarket hostage crisis on January 9.<ref> | + | |
- | [http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/01/11/ce-que-l-on-sait-de-l-agression-d-un-joggeur-a-fontenay-aux-roses_4553732_3224.html Ce que l'on sait de l'agression d'un joggeur à Fontenay-aux-Roses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115200852/http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2015/01/11/ce-que-l-on-sait-de-l-agression-d-un-joggeur-a-fontenay-aux-roses_4553732_3224.html |date=2015-01-15 }} – ''Le Monde'' – Emeline Cazi – 11 January 2014 | + | |
- | </ref> However, the jogger refuted Coulibaly’s involvement and recognized Amar Ramdani, a friend of Coulibaly, as the gunman.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=4 June 2015|title=Le joggeur blessé avant les attentats à Paris disculpe Amedy Coulibaly|url=https://www.sudouest.fr/2015/06/04/le-joggeur-blesse-avant-les-attentats-a-paris-disculpe-amedy-coulibaly-1941366-6093.php|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=4 June 2015|access-date=|website=Sud Ouest}}</ref> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | On 8 January, Coulibaly shot and killed municipal police officer Clarissa Jean-Philippe at the junction of Avenue Pierre Brossolette and Avenue de la Paix in Montrouge (a suburb of Paris), and critically wounded a street sweeper. | + | |
- | As police continued their search for Charlie Hebdo suspects, they initially dismissed the idea that there could be a link between this shooting and the Charlie Hebdo killings, but later confirmed they were in fact connected.<ref name="France: A timeline of terror"/> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Coulibaly reportedly was heard to declare allegiance to [[ISIS]], a [[Salafi movement|Salafist]] [[terrorist organization]] at war in the Middle East.<ref name="ABC News"/><ref> | + | |
- | {{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/11/paris-gunman-amedy-coulibaly-allegiance-isis|title=Paris gunman Amedy Coulibaly declared allegiance to Isis|date=11 January 2015|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=13 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112230823/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/11/paris-gunman-amedy-coulibaly-allegiance-isis|archive-date=2015-01-12|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Dammartin-en-Goële hostage crisis=== | + | |
- | {{Further|Charlie Hebdo shooting#Dammartin-en-Goële hostage crisis}} | + | |
- | On 9 January, the assailants of the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting, Chérif and Saïd Kouachi, went to the office of Création Tendance Découverte, a signage production company on an industrial estate in Dammartin-en-Goële. Inside the building were owner Michel Catalano and a male employee, 26-year-old graphics designer Lilian Lepère. During the siege, Catalano told Lepère to hide inside the refectory. Throughout the crisis, the perpetrators were unaware that Lepère was in the building. During the siege, a salesman named Didier went to the building on business, and Catalano left his office, where he had been hiding. Both were confronted by the perpetrators and asked to leave. Didier realized that they were terrorists and quickly alerted the authorities. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Catalano returned to the building and helped one of the perpetrators who had been injured in earlier gunfire. He was allowed to leave after an hour. After this, Lepère, who was hiding in a cardboard box, was able to alert authorities of the situation via text message.<ref name="bbc.com"/> The siege ended after nine hours at 16:30 after a combined force of French Armed Forces and police stormed the building and killed both Kouachi brothers, the assailants.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/10/01016-20150110ARTFIG00123-dammartin-en-goele-le-gerant-raconte-son-face-a-face-avec-les-freres-kouachi.php|title="J'ai vécu un moment incroyable" : le récit du gérant de l'imprimerie, otage des frères Kouachi|work=Figaro.fr|access-date=2015-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116010656/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/10/01016-20150110ARTFIG00123-dammartin-en-goele-le-gerant-raconte-son-face-a-face-avec-les-freres-kouachi.php|archive-date=2015-01-16|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Hypercacher Kosher Supermarket siege=== | + | |
- | {{Main|Hypercacher Kosher Supermarket siege}}Also on 9 January, Amedy Coulibaly, armed with several assault weapons, entered a [[Hypercacher]] [[kosher]] supermarket at [[Porte de Vincennes]] in east Paris. Amedy Coulibaly killed four people and took several hostages.<ref name="BBClive"> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30722098|title=Charlie Hebdo attack: Manhunt – live reporting|publisher=BBC News|date=9 January 2015|access-date=2018-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528081628/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-europe-30722098|archive-date=2018-05-28|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> Coulibaly was reportedly in contact with the Kouachi brothers as the sieges progressed, and told police that he would kill hostages if the brothers were harmed proving further that these attacks were connected in some form.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/paris-shooting-armed-man-takes-hostages-in-paris-kosher-store-20150109-12ldgt.html|title=Paris shooting: Armed man takes hostages in Paris kosher store|date=9 January 2015|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|accessdate=9 January 2015}}</ref> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | When police stormed the grocery store, they gunned down Coulibaly.<ref> | + | |
- | [http://heavy.com/news/2015/01/amedy-coulibaly-dead-killed-jewish-hostage-france/ Amedy Coulibaly Dead: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118042403/http://heavy.com/news/2015/01/amedy-coulibaly-dead-killed-jewish-hostage-france/ |date=2015-01-18 }},' | + | |
- | </ref> Fifteen hostages were rescued.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/report-suspect-in-2nd-france-cop-killing-in-hostage-situation/|title=Paris hostage situation ends with gunman dead|date=9 January 2015|publisher=[[CBS News]]|accessdate=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150109152503/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/report-suspect-in-2nd-france-cop-killing-in-hostage-situation/|archive-date=2015-01-09|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> Several people were wounded during the incident.<ref name="International Business Times"> | + | |
- | {{cite web|title=Who Is Amedy Coulibaly? Paris Kosher Deli Gunman Once Worked For Coca-Cola, Was Close With Kouachi Brothers|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/who-amedy-coulibaly-paris-kosher-deli-gunman-once-worked-coca-cola-was-close-kouachi-1779242|date=9 January 2015|work=[[International Business Times]]|accessdate=9 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110020325/http://www.ibtimes.com/who-amedy-coulibaly-paris-kosher-deli-gunman-once-worked-coca-cola-was-close-kouachi-1779242|archive-date=2015-01-10|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> Lassana Bathily, a Muslim shop assistant born in [[Mali]], was hailed as a hero in the crisis for risking his life to hide people from the gunman in a downstairs refrigerator room and assisting police after he escaped from the market.<ref> | + | |
- | [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/10/paris-supermarket-kosher-hero-attack "Lassana Bathily: the Paris kosher supermarket hero"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202033414/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/10/paris-supermarket-kosher-hero-attack |date=2017-02-02 }}, ''The Guardian,'' 11 January 2015 | + | |
- | </ref> [[Hayat Boumeddiene]], Coulibaly's partner in crime and wife, was suspected to have been present during the incident but it was later confirmed that she left France before any of the shootings occurred, traveling to Syria from Turkey.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/world/article/Spain-French-gunman-traveled-to-Madrid-before-6017493.php%3E|title=Spain: French gunman traveled to Madrid before attacking|work=SFGate}}</ref> Developments on Boumeddiene's whereabouts ran dry until March 2019, when Dorothee Maquere - wife of [[Fabien Clain]] - speculated that Boumeddiene had been killed in Syria late February during the [[Battle of Baghuz Fawqani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/french-jihadis-killed-in-last-islamic-state-holdout-in-syria|title=French jihadis killed in last Islamic State holdout in Syria|date=2019-03-05|website=PBS NewsHour|language=en-us|access-date=2019-11-10}}</ref> | + | |
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- | However, in March 2020 , a French jihadist woman told a judge that she met Boumeddiene in October 2019 at the [[Al-Hawl refugee camp|Al Howl camp]]; Boumeddiene was staying under a false identity and managed to escape.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/faits-divers/terrorisme/attaques-du-13-novembre-a-paris/enquete-sur-les-attentats-de-paris/info-france-2-attentats-de-janvier-2015-hayat-boumeddiene-vivante-une-enquete-ouverte-apres-qu-une-jihadiste-affirme-l-avoir-croisee-dans-un-camp-en-syrie_3964473.html|title=Hayat Boumeddiene vivante ? Une enquête ouverte après qu'une jihadiste affirme l'avoir croisée dans un camp en Syrie|date=14 May 2020|work=France 2}}</ref> French intelligence services think that this piece of information is plausible and credible as it corroborates previous indications. | + | |
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- | After 12 January 2015 and for an indefinite period, as part of [[Operation Sentinelle]], nearly 10,500 military personnel were deployed in France to secure 830 sensitive places (school, churches, press organizations, etc ). The severity of these terrorist attacks forced France to take immediate action to prevent any further related attacks occur.<ref name="bbc.com"/> | + | |
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- | At the time, the attacks comprised the deadliest act of [[List of terrorist attacks in France|terrorism in France]] since the [[1961 Vitry-Le-François train bombing]] by the [[Organisation armée secrète]] (OAS), which was working against Algerian independence. These fatalities were surpassed ten months later by the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]]. | + | |
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- | ==Other incidents== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Cyber attacks=== | + | |
- | French media reported that hackers breached the security of French municipality websites during the Île-de-France attacks, changing them to display [[Jihadism|jihadist]] propaganda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com.au/isis-hack-french-websites-after-charlie-hebdo-shooting-2015-1|title=An ISIS Supporter Is Hacking Into French Websites And Posting Anti-Charlie Hebdo Messages|author=Rob Price|date=9 Jan 2015|work=Business Insider}}</ref> The French Defense Ministry and security bodies reported that about 19,000 French websites were targeted in an unprecedented wave of [[denial-of-service attack]]s following the publication of ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' with a depiction of the sacred prophet [[Muhammad]] on the cover.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/north-africa-hackers-infiltrate-100s-french-websites-564661351|title=North African hackers infiltrate 100s of French websites|work=Middle East Eye|date=13 Jan 2015|access-date=2015-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324053511/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/north-africa-hackers-infiltrate-100s-french-websites-564661351|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref><ref> | + | |
- | {{cite web|title=Hackers Target Websites of French Govt, Schools, Universities, Companies|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/hackers-target-websites-french-govt-schools-universities-companies-620218|author=Johnlee Varghese|date=13 Jan 2015|work=International Business Times|access-date=2015-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623113757/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/hackers-target-websites-french-govt-schools-universities-companies-620218|archive-date=2015-06-23|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> The websites of French businesses, religious groups, universities, and municipalities were also hacked and altered to display pro-Islamist messages.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/france-hit-by-19000-cyber-attacks-after-charlie-hebdo-terror-attacks/|title=France hit by unprecedented wave of cyber attacks|work=CBS News|date=15 Jan 2015|access-date=2015-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115193734/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/france-hit-by-19000-cyber-attacks-after-charlie-hebdo-terror-attacks/|archive-date=2015-01-15|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ===Incidents at mosques=== | + | |
- | In the week after the shooting, the organisation "[[French Council of the Muslim Faith|L'Observatoire contre l'islamophobie du Conseil français du culte musulman (CFCM)]]" called for strengthening of the surveillance of mosques. The French interior department reported that 54 anti-Muslim incidents were recorded in France in the first week after the shootings; this compared to 110 complaints in the first nine months of 2014. The 2015 incidents included 21 reports of shootings and blank grenade throwing at Islamic buildings including mosques; and 33 cases of personal threats and insults.<ref>{{cite news|title=Les actes anti-musulmans se multiplient depuis l'attaque de ''Charlie Hebdo'' |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/12/01016-20150112ARTFIG00395-les-actes-anti-musulmans-se-multiplient-depuis-l-attaque-de-charlie-hebdo.php |publisher=[[Le Figaro]] |date=2015-01-12 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6WgR4QVph?url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2015/01/12/01016-20150112ARTFIG00395-les-actes-anti-musulmans-se-multiplient-depuis-l-attaque-de-charlie-hebdo.php |archivedate=2015-02-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{efn|name=mosques|1= | + | |
- | Incidents like attacks, threats and insults on mosques | + | |
- | * nbcnews.com: "mosque in Le Mans ... found an exploded grenade inside the mosque ... a mosque in Port-la-Nouvelle ... reported shots fired at a prayer room from the outside "<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-magazine-attack/attacks-reported-french-mosques-wake-charlie-hebdo-massacre-n282051|title=Attacks Reported At French Mosques in Wake of Charlie Hebdo Massacre|work=NBC News|accessdate=14 January 2015|date=2015-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113181553/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-magazine-attack/attacks-reported-french-mosques-wake-charlie-hebdo-massacre-n282051|archive-date=2015-01-13|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | *huffingtonpost.com: "Two Muslim places of worship and a restaurant affiliated to another mosque were attacked Wednesday evening and Thursday morning local time. Three grenades were thrown at a mosque in Le Mans, west of Paris, and a bullet hole was found in one of the mosque's windows, AFP reported."<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/08/mosque-attacks-charlie-hebdo_n_6436224.html|title=Mosques Attacked In Wake Of Charlie Hebdo Shooting|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=14 January 2015|date=2015-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113025849/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/08/mosque-attacks-charlie-hebdo_n_6436224.html|archive-date=2015-01-13|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | *reuters.com "In what justice officials said looked like revenge attacks, shots were fired overnight at a mosque in the western city of Le Mans".<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/08/us-france-shooting-immigration-idUSKBN0KH1Q320150108|title=French magazine attack set to deepen Europe's 'culture war'|work=Reuters|accessdate=2015-01-14|date=2015-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113042202/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/08/us-france-shooting-immigration-idUSKBN0KH1Q320150108|archive-date=2015-01-13|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | *aljazeera.com: Mentions earlier attacks on Mosques before the shooting at [[Charlie Hebdo]] "Mosques have been burned in France, Sweden and Belgium, among other places."<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite web|url=http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/1/charlie-hebdo-pressfreedomcivillibertieseurope.html|title=Don't let extremists curtail European democracy|accessdate=2015-01-14|date=2015-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111034015/http://america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2015/1/charlie-hebdo-pressfreedomcivillibertieseurope.html|archive-date=2015-01-11|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | *bloomberg.com: speculations that the terror attack at [[Charlie Hebdo]] will give a surge in attacks on muslims.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-07/paris-killings-seen-fueling-europe-s-anti-islam-sentiment.html|title=Paris Killings Seen Fueling Europe's Anti-Islam Movements|author=Patrick Donahue|date=8 January 2015|work=Bloomberg L.P.|accessdate=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150111024544/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2015-01-07/paris-killings-seen-fueling-europe-s-anti-islam-sentiment.html|archive-date=2015-01-11|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | *usatoday.com: Speculations about higher tensions <ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/01/08/charlie-hebdo-europe-muslim-tensions/21394923/|title=Paris attack heightens European tensions with Muslims|author=Oren Dorell, USA TODAY|date=8 January 2015|accessdate=14 January 2015|work=USA Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113121637/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/01/08/charlie-hebdo-europe-muslim-tensions/21394923/|archive-date=2015-01-13|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | }} | + | |
- | After news of the January 8 attack was publicized, three blank grenades were thrown at a mosque in [[Le Mans]], west of Paris. A new bullet hole was found in its windows. In addition, a Muslim prayer hall in the [[Port-la-Nouvelle]] was the target of shooting, but no one was injured. An explosion took place at a restaurant affiliated with a mosque in [[Villefranche-sur-Saone]]. No casualties were reported.<ref> | + | |
- | {{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/08/mosque-attacks-charlie-hebdo_n_6436224.html|title=Mosques Attacked In Wake Of Charlie Hebdo Shooting|work=The Huffington Post|date=8 January 2015|access-date=2015-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115154905/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/08/mosque-attacks-charlie-hebdo_n_6436224.html|archive-date=2015-01-15|url-status=live}} | + | |
- | </ref> | + | |
- | + | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[2014 Tours police station stabbing]] | *[[2014 Tours police station stabbing]] |
Current revision
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From 7 to 9 January 2015, terrorist attacks occurred across the Île-de-France region, particularly in Paris. Three attackers killed a total of 17 in four shooting attacks, and police then killed the three assailants.
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See also
- 2014 Tours police station stabbing
- 2015 TV5Monde cyber-attack
- List of Islamist terrorist attacks
- List of terrorist incidents in France
- November 2015 Paris attacks
- Terrorism in the European Union
- Islamic terrorism in Europe (2014–present)
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "January 2015 Île-de-France attacks" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.