Jean Hyppolite
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| - | + | '''Jean Hyppolite''' (January 8, 1907 – October 26, 1968) was a [[French philosopher]] known for championing the work of [[Hegel]], and other German philosophers, and educating some of France's most prominent post-war thinkers. | |
| - | '''Michel Foucault''' (born '''Paul-Michel Foucault''') (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984) was a [[French people|French]] [[philosophy|philosopher]], [[historian]], [[social theorist]], [[philology|philologist]] and [[literary criticism|literary critic]]. His philosophical theories addressed the nature of [[power (philosophy)|power]] and the manner in which it functions, the means by which it controls [[knowledge]] and vice versa, and how it is used as a form of [[social control]]. Foucault is best known for his [[history of ideas|histories of ideas]] and [[Critical theory|critical studies]] of social institutions, most notably [[psychiatry]], the social anthropology of medicine, the [[human sciences]], the prison system, and the [[history of human sexuality]]. His writings on power, knowledge, and [[discourse]] have been widely influential in both academic and activist circles. | + | |
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| - | Born in [[Poitiers]], [[France]] to an upper-middle-class family, Foucault was educated at the [[Lycée Henri-IV]] and then the [[École Normale Supérieure]], where he developed an interest in philosophy and came under the influence of his tutors—philosophers [[Jean Hyppolite]] and [[Louis Althusser]]. After several years as a cultural diplomat abroad, he returned to France and published his first major book, ''[[Madness and Civilization|The History of Madness]]'' (later published in English in an abbreviated volume called ''[[Madness and Civilization]]'').<ref>Gary Gutting, ''Foucault: A Very Short Introduction'', OUP Oxford, 2005.</ref> After obtaining work between 1960 and 1966 at the [[Blaise Pascal University|University of Clermont-Ferrand]], he produced two more significant publications, ''[[The Birth of the Clinic]]'' and ''[[The Order of Things]]'', which displayed his increasing involvement with [[structuralism]], a theoretical movement in [[social anthropology]] from which he later distanced himself. These first three histories were examples of a [[historiography|historiographical]] technique Foucault was developing he called archaeology which he would later give a comprehensive account of in ''[[The Archaeology of Knowledge]]''. From 1966 to 1968, he lectured at the [[University of Tunis]], [[Tunisia]] before returning to France, where he involved himself in several protest movements and [[left-wing]] groups. He went on to publish ''[[The Archaeology of Knowledge]]'', ''[[Discipline and Punish]]'', and ''[[The History of Sexuality]]'', his so-called genealogies which emphasized the role power plays in the evolution of discourse in society. Foucault died in Paris of neurological problems compounded by [[HIV/AIDS]]; he was the first public figure in France to have died from the disease, with his partner [[Daniel Defert]] founding the [[AIDES]] charity in his memory. | + | |
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| - | Foucault rejected the [[post-structuralist]] and [[postmodernist]] labels later attributed to him, preferring to classify his thought as a critical history of [[modernity]]. | + | |
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| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | * [[Biopower]] | + | |
| - | * [[Biopolitics]] | + | |
| - | * ''[[Dispositif]]'' | + | |
| - | * [[Ecogovernmentality]] | + | |
| - | * [[Foucauldian discourse analysis]] | + | |
| - | * [[Foucault–Habermas debate]] | + | |
| - | * [[Georg Simmel]] | + | |
| - | * [[Governmentality]] | + | |
| - | * [[Heterotopia (space)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Limit-experience]] | + | |
| - | * [[Panopticism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Parrhesia]] | + | |
| - | * [[Postsexualism (Michel Foucault)|Postsexualism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Structuralism]] | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | *[[Panopticism]] | + | |
| - | *[[Biopower]] | + | |
| - | *[[Power/Knowledge]] | + | |
| - | *''[[Dispositif]]'' | + | |
| - | *[[Governmentality]] | + | |
| - | *[[Foucault-Habermas debate]] | + | |
| - | *[[Ecogovernmentality]] | + | |
| - | *[[Twentieth-century French philosophy]] | + | |
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Jean Hyppolite (January 8, 1907 – October 26, 1968) was a French philosopher known for championing the work of Hegel, and other German philosophers, and educating some of France's most prominent post-war thinkers.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Jean Hyppolite" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
