Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville  

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-[[Image:Un autre monde by Grandville.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Interplanetary Bridge]], [[Surrealism avant la lettre]] from ''[[Un autre monde]]'' ([[1844]]) by [[Grandville]]]]+[[Image:Aquatic plants, seashells and madrepores from Un autre monde (Another world) by French illustrator Grandville.jpg|left|thumb|200px|''[[Aquatic plants, seashells and madrepores]]'' from ''[[Un autre monde]]'' ([[1844]]) by [[Grandville]]]]
- +[[Image:Un autre monde by Grandville.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Interplanetary Bridge]] from ''[[Un autre monde]]'' ([[1844]]) by [[Grandville]]]]
 +[[Image:Venus at the Opera by Grandville.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Venus at the Opera]]'' (1844) by [[Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville|Grandville]] (French, 1803 – 1847)]]
 +[[Image:“Les poisson d’avril” Grandville from Another World.jpg|thumb|200px|"Les poisson d’avril" (1844) by [[Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville|Grandville]], see [[April fish]]]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-'''Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard''' ([[September 13]], [[1803]] – [[March 17]], [[1847]]), [[French caricaturist]], generally known by the pseudonym of '''J.J. Grandville'''. The British rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]] used part of his artwork for the cover and backcover of their 1991 album ''[[Innuendo (album)|Innuendo]]'', as well as their singles from that album.+'''Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard''' (13 September 1803, [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], [[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] – 17 March 1847, [[Vanves]]), generally known by the pseudonym of '''J. J. Grandville''', was a [[French caricaturist]].
-==Life and work== +
-He was born at [[Nancy]], in north eastern [[France]], to an arstistic and theatrical family. The name "Grandville" was his grandparents', who were actors, professional stage name. Grandville received his first instruction in drawing from his father, a miniature painter, and at the age of twenty-one moved to [[Paris]], where he soon afterwards published a collection of lithographs entitled ''Les Tribulations de la petite proprieté''. He followed this by ''Les Plaisirs de toutdge and La Sibylle des salons''; but the work which first established his fame was ''Les Métamorphoses du jour'' published in 1828–29, a series of seventy scenes in which individuals with the bodies of men and faces of animals are made to play a human comedy. These drawings are remarkable for the extraordinary skill with which human characteristics are represented in animal facial features.+
-The success of this work led to his being engaged as artistic contributor to various periodicals, such as ''Le Silhouette'', ''L'Artiste'', ''La Caricature'', ''[[Le Charivari]]''; and his political caricatures which were characterized by marvelous fertility of [[satire|satirical humour]], soon came to enjoy a general popularity.+==Life and work==
 +He was born at [[Nancy, France|Nancy]], in northeastern [[France]], to an artistic and theatrical family. The name "Grandville" was his grandparents' professional stage name. Grandville received his first instruction in drawing from his father, a painter of miniatures. At the age of twenty-one he moved to [[Paris]], and soon afterwards published a collection of lithographs entitled ''[[Les Tribulations de la petite proprieté]]''. He followed this with ''[[Les Plaisirs de tout âge]]'' and ''[[La Sibylle des salons]]'' (1827); but the work which first established his fame was ''[[Les Métamorphoses du jour]]'' (1828–29), a series of seventy scenes in which individuals with the bodies of men and faces of animals are made to play a [[human comedy]]. These drawings are remarkable for the extraordinary skill with which human characteristics are represented in animal facial features.
-After the reinstitution of prior censorship of caricature in 1835, Grandville turned almost exclusively to book illustration, supplying illustrations for various standard works, such as the songs of [[Pierre-Jean de Béranger|Béranger]], the fables of [[La Fontaine]], ''[[Don Quixote]]'', ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'', ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]''. He also continued to issue various [[lithograph]]ic collections, among which may be mentioned ''[[Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux]]'', ''[[Les Cent Proverbes]]'', ''[[L'Autre Monde]]'' and ''[[Les Fleurs animées]]''.+The success of this work led to his being engaged as artistic contributor to various periodicals, such as ''[[La Silhouette]]'', ''[[L'Artiste]]'', ''[[La Caricature]]'', ''[[Le Charivari]]''; and his political caricatures which were characterized by marvelous fertility of [[satire|satirical humour]], soon came to enjoy a general popularity.
-Though the designs of Grandville are occasionally unnatural and absurd, they usually display keen analysis of character and marvellous inventive ingenuity, and his humour is always tempered and refined by delicacy of sentiment and a vein of sober thoughtfulness. He died on [[March 17]], [[1847]].+After the [[September Laws|reinstitution of prior censorship of caricature in 1835]], Grandville turned almost exclusively to book illustration, supplying illustrations for various standard works, such as the songs of [[Pierre-Jean de Béranger|Béranger]], the fables of [[La Fontaine]], ''[[Don Quixote]]'', ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'', ''[[Robinson Crusoe]]''. He also continued to issue various [[lithograph]]ic collections, among which may be mentioned ''[[La Vie privée et publique des animaux]]'', ''[[Les Cent Proverbes]]'', ''[[L'Autre Monde]]'' and ''[[Les Fleurs animées]]''.
 + 
 +Though the designs of Grandville are occasionally unnatural and absurd, they usually display keen analysis of character and marvellous inventive ingenuity, and his humour is always tempered and refined by delicacy of sentiment and a vein of sober thoughtfulness. He died on 17 March 1847 and is buried in the Cimetière Nord of Saint-Mandé just outside Paris.
 + 
 +A short notice of Grandville appears in [[Théophile Gautier]]'s ''[[Portraits contemporains]]''. See also Charles Blanc, ''Grandville'' (Paris, 1855).
 + 
 +== Legacy ==
 +Grandville's ability for political provocation made his work much in demand. He worked in a wide variety of formats, from his first job illustrating the parlor game ''Old Maid'', to illustrated newspaper strips of which he was a master. His illustrations for ''[[Le Diable à Paris]]'' ("The Devil In Paris"; 1844–46) were used by [[Walter Benjamin]] for his study of that city as an urban organism. One of Grandville's supreme achievements, at a time when French printing technology was ascendant, was ''[[Les Fleurs Animées]]'', a series of images that are both poetic and satirical. But perhaps his most original contribution to the illustrated book form was ''[[L'Autre Monde]]'', which approaches the status of pure surrealism, despite being conceived in a pre-Freudian age. Leading members of the Surrealist movement such as [[André Breton]] and [[Georges Bataille]] recognised in Grandville a significant precursor and inspiration for the movement.
 + 
 +The rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]] used part of his artwork for the cover and backcover of their 1991 album ''[[Innuendo (album)|Innuendo]]'', and [[Alice in Chains]] used part of his artwork for their album ''[[Alice in Chains (album)|Alice in Chains]]''.
 + 
 +The graphic novel ''[[Grandville (comics)|Grandville]]'' by [[Bryan Talbot]] was greatly inspired by Grandville's illustrations.
-A short notice of Gérard, under the name of Grandville, is contained in [[Théophile Gautier]]'s ''[[Portraits contemporains]]''. See also Charles Blanc, ''Grandville'' (Paris, 1855). 
== Works == == Works ==
-* ''Les Métamorphoses du jour'', Paris, Aubert, [[1829]]+* ''[[Les Métamorphoses du jour]]'', Paris, Aubert, [[1829]]
* ''Le Dimanche d’un bon bourgeois ou Les Tribulations de la petite propriété'', Paris, Langlumé, [[1827]] * ''Le Dimanche d’un bon bourgeois ou Les Tribulations de la petite propriété'', Paris, Langlumé, [[1827]]
* ''Fables de la Fontaine'', 1{{e}} édition, [[1838]], Garnier Frères, Paris, [[1864]] * ''Fables de la Fontaine'', 1{{e}} édition, [[1838]], Garnier Frères, Paris, [[1864]]
* ''[[Peines de cœur d'une chatte anglaise]]'' et autres [[Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux|scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux]]'' d’[[Honoré de Balzac]] Paris, [[Hetzel]] et Paulin, [[1842]]. * ''[[Peines de cœur d'une chatte anglaise]]'' et autres [[Scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux|scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux]]'' d’[[Honoré de Balzac]] Paris, [[Hetzel]] et Paulin, [[1842]].
-* ''Petites misères de la vie humaine'', Paris, Fournier, [[1843]]. Ouvrage plein d’[[humour]] et de jovialité, avec un grain de prétention, œuvre d’un malin esprit auquel le crayon de Grandville a donné une originalité toute parisienne.+* ''[[Petites misères de la vie humaine]]'', Paris, Fournier, [[1843]]. Ouvrage plein d’[[humour]] et de jovialité, avec un grain de prétention, œuvre d’un malin esprit auquel le crayon de Grandville a donné une originalité toute parisienne.
* ''[[Autre monde]]. Transformations, visions, incarnations, ascensions, locomotions, explorations, pérégrinations, excursions, stations, cosmogonies, fantasmagories, rêveries, folâtreries, facéties, lubies, métamorphoses, zoomorphoses, lithomorphoses, métempsycoses, apothéoses et autres choses'', Paris H. Fournier, [[1844]] * ''[[Autre monde]]. Transformations, visions, incarnations, ascensions, locomotions, explorations, pérégrinations, excursions, stations, cosmogonies, fantasmagories, rêveries, folâtreries, facéties, lubies, métamorphoses, zoomorphoses, lithomorphoses, métempsycoses, apothéoses et autres choses'', Paris H. Fournier, [[1844]]
* ''[[Cent proverbes]]'', Paris, H. Fournier, [[1845]]. * ''[[Cent proverbes]]'', Paris, H. Fournier, [[1845]].
Line 25: Line 36:
* ''Catalogue Illustre de la Collection Dessins et Croquis Originaux'', Paris, Plon Frères, [[1853]]. * ''Catalogue Illustre de la Collection Dessins et Croquis Originaux'', Paris, Plon Frères, [[1853]].
* ''Aventures de Robinson Crusoé'', Traduction nouvelle. Édition illustrée par J.-J. Grandville. Paris, Garnier frères, [[1870]]. * ''Aventures de Robinson Crusoé'', Traduction nouvelle. Édition illustrée par J.-J. Grandville. Paris, Garnier frères, [[1870]].
-* ''Les Fleurs animées, illustrées par Grandville'', Texte par [[Alphonse Karr]], [[Taxile Delord]] et le [[Comte Fœlix]]. Nouvelle édition avec planches très soigneusement retouchées pour la gravure et le coloris par M.Louis Joseph Edouard Maubert, peintre d’[[histoire naturelle]] attaché au [[Jardin des Plantes de Paris|Jardin des Plantes]]. Paris, Garnier Frères, [[1867]]. +* ''[[Les Fleurs animées, illustrées par Grandville]]'', Texte par [[Alphonse Karr]], [[Taxile Delord]] et le [[Comte Fœlix]]. Nouvelle édition avec planches très soigneusement retouchées pour la gravure et le coloris par M.Louis Joseph Edouard Maubert, peintre d’[[histoire naturelle]] attaché au [[Jardin des Plantes de Paris|Jardin des Plantes]]. Paris, Garnier Frères, [[1867]].
* ''[[Le Diable à Paris|Le Diable à Paris : Paris et les Parisiens. Mœurs et coutumes, caractères et portraits des habitants de Paris, tableau complet de leur vie privée, publique, politique et artistique… Précédée d’une histoire de Paris par Théophile Lavallée]]'', Paris, J. Hetzel, 1845-1846 (E.O.), 2 vol. gr. in-8° de {{rom|XXXII}}-380 et {{rom|LXXX}}-364 pp., illustrations de [[Gavarni]], Grandville, Bertall.... * ''[[Le Diable à Paris|Le Diable à Paris : Paris et les Parisiens. Mœurs et coutumes, caractères et portraits des habitants de Paris, tableau complet de leur vie privée, publique, politique et artistique… Précédée d’une histoire de Paris par Théophile Lavallée]]'', Paris, J. Hetzel, 1845-1846 (E.O.), 2 vol. gr. in-8° de {{rom|XXXII}}-380 et {{rom|LXXX}}-364 pp., illustrations de [[Gavarni]], Grandville, Bertall....
* ''Les Métamorphoses du jour'', Paris, garnier 1869 (E.O),fort in 8°, 70 planches lithographiées en couleur + frontispice * ''Les Métamorphoses du jour'', Paris, garnier 1869 (E.O),fort in 8°, 70 planches lithographiées en couleur + frontispice
* ''Fables de Florian, de Tobie et de Ruth'', Nouvelle édition. Paris, ~[[1870]] Garnier Frères * ''Fables de Florian, de Tobie et de Ruth'', Nouvelle édition. Paris, ~[[1870]] Garnier Frères
* ''Petites Misères de la vie humaine'', Paris, H. Fournier, [[1843]]. * ''Petites Misères de la vie humaine'', Paris, H. Fournier, [[1843]].
 +==Selected list of plates==
 +*[[Les Reliques]]
 +*[[Volvoce]]
 +*[[Two Dreams]]
 +*[[Musique animée (Grandville)]]
 +*[[Cauchemar (Grandville)]]
 +
 +==See also==
 +*[[Zoomorphism]]
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}
[[Category:Canon]] [[Category:Canon]]

Revision as of 23:01, 15 February 2015

Venus at the Opera (1844) by Grandville (French, 1803 – 1847)
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Venus at the Opera (1844) by Grandville (French, 1803 – 1847)
"Les poisson d’avril" (1844) by Grandville, see April fish
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"Les poisson d’avril" (1844) by Grandville, see April fish

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Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard (13 September 1803, Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle – 17 March 1847, Vanves), generally known by the pseudonym of J. J. Grandville, was a French caricaturist.

Contents

Life and work

He was born at Nancy, in northeastern France, to an artistic and theatrical family. The name "Grandville" was his grandparents' professional stage name. Grandville received his first instruction in drawing from his father, a painter of miniatures. At the age of twenty-one he moved to Paris, and soon afterwards published a collection of lithographs entitled Les Tribulations de la petite proprieté. He followed this with Les Plaisirs de tout âge and La Sibylle des salons (1827); but the work which first established his fame was Les Métamorphoses du jour (1828–29), a series of seventy scenes in which individuals with the bodies of men and faces of animals are made to play a human comedy. These drawings are remarkable for the extraordinary skill with which human characteristics are represented in animal facial features.

The success of this work led to his being engaged as artistic contributor to various periodicals, such as La Silhouette, L'Artiste, La Caricature, Le Charivari; and his political caricatures which were characterized by marvelous fertility of satirical humour, soon came to enjoy a general popularity.

After the reinstitution of prior censorship of caricature in 1835, Grandville turned almost exclusively to book illustration, supplying illustrations for various standard works, such as the songs of Béranger, the fables of La Fontaine, Don Quixote, Gulliver's Travels, Robinson Crusoe. He also continued to issue various lithographic collections, among which may be mentioned La Vie privée et publique des animaux, Les Cent Proverbes, L'Autre Monde and Les Fleurs animées.

Though the designs of Grandville are occasionally unnatural and absurd, they usually display keen analysis of character and marvellous inventive ingenuity, and his humour is always tempered and refined by delicacy of sentiment and a vein of sober thoughtfulness. He died on 17 March 1847 and is buried in the Cimetière Nord of Saint-Mandé just outside Paris.

A short notice of Grandville appears in Théophile Gautier's Portraits contemporains. See also Charles Blanc, Grandville (Paris, 1855).

Legacy

Grandville's ability for political provocation made his work much in demand. He worked in a wide variety of formats, from his first job illustrating the parlor game Old Maid, to illustrated newspaper strips of which he was a master. His illustrations for Le Diable à Paris ("The Devil In Paris"; 1844–46) were used by Walter Benjamin for his study of that city as an urban organism. One of Grandville's supreme achievements, at a time when French printing technology was ascendant, was Les Fleurs Animées, a series of images that are both poetic and satirical. But perhaps his most original contribution to the illustrated book form was L'Autre Monde, which approaches the status of pure surrealism, despite being conceived in a pre-Freudian age. Leading members of the Surrealist movement such as André Breton and Georges Bataille recognised in Grandville a significant precursor and inspiration for the movement.

The rock band Queen used part of his artwork for the cover and backcover of their 1991 album Innuendo, and Alice in Chains used part of his artwork for their album Alice in Chains.

The graphic novel Grandville by Bryan Talbot was greatly inspired by Grandville's illustrations.

Works

Selected list of plates

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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