Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville  

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Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard (September 13, 1803March 17, 1847), French caricaturist, generally known by the pseudonym of J.J. Grandville. The British rock band Queen used part of his artwork for the cover and backcover of their 1991 album Innuendo, as well as their singles from that album.

Life and work

He was born at Nancy, in north eastern France, to an arstistic and theatrical family. The name "Grandville" was his grandparents', who were actors, professional stage name. Grandville received his first instruction in drawing from his father, a miniature painter, and at the age of twenty-one moved to Paris, where he soon afterwards published a collection of lithographs entitled Les Tribulations de la petite proprieté. He followed this by Les Plaisirs de toutdge and La Sibylle des salons; but the work which first established his fame was Les Métamorphoses du jour published in 1828–29, a series of seventy scenes in which individuals with the bodies of men and faces of animals are made to play a human comedy. These drawings are remarkable for the extraordinary skill with which human characteristics are represented in animal facial features.

The success of this work led to his being engaged as artistic contributor to various periodicals, such as Le Silhouette, L'Artiste, La Caricature, Le Charivari; and his political caricatures which were characterized by marvelous fertility of satirical humour, soon came to enjoy a general popularity.

After the reinstitution of prior censorship of caricature in 1835, Grandville turned almost exclusively to book illustration, supplying illustrations for various standard works, such as the songs of Béranger, the fables of La Fontaine, Don Quixote, Gulliver's Travels, Robinson Crusoe. He also continued to issue various lithographic collections, among which may be mentioned La Vie privée et publique des animaux, Les Cent Proverbes, L'Autre Monde and Les Fleurs animées.

Though the designs of Grandville are occasionally unnatural and absurd, they usually display keen analysis of character and marvellous inventive ingenuity, and his humour is always tempered and refined by delicacy of sentiment and a vein of sober thoughtfulness. He died on March 17, 1847.

A short notice of Gérard, under the name of Grandville, is contained in Théophile Gautier's Portraits contemporains. See also Charles Blanc, Grandville (Paris, 1855).

Works

  • Les Métamorphoses du jour, Paris, Aubert, 1829
  • Le Dimanche d’un bon bourgeois ou Les Tribulations de la petite propriété, Paris, Langlumé, 1827
  • Fables de la Fontaine, 1Template:E édition, 1838, Garnier Frères, Paris, 1864
  • Peines de cœur d'une chatte anglaise et autres scènes de la vie privée et publique des animaux d’Honoré de Balzac Paris, Hetzel et Paulin, 1842.
  • Petites misères de la vie humaine, Paris, Fournier, 1843. Ouvrage plein d’humour et de jovialité, avec un grain de prétention, œuvre d’un malin esprit auquel le crayon de Grandville a donné une originalité toute parisienne.
  • Autre monde. Transformations, visions, incarnations, ascensions, locomotions, explorations, pérégrinations, excursions, stations, cosmogonies, fantasmagories, rêveries, folâtreries, facéties, lubies, métamorphoses, zoomorphoses, lithomorphoses, métempsycoses, apothéoses et autres choses, Paris H. Fournier, 1844
  • Cent proverbes, Paris, H. Fournier, 1845.
  • Jérôme Paturot à la recherche d’une position sociale de Louis Reybaud, Édition illustrée par J.-J. Grandville. Paris, Dubochet, 1846. Cette édition contient des illustrations de J.-J. Grandville et l’humour noir exploité par ce dernier ajoute énormément au texte de Reybaud. L’influence de l’écrivain et de l’artiste est toujours évidente dans les ouvrages satiriques consacrés à la politique de nos jours.
  • Les Étoiles. Dernière féerie par J.-J. Grandville, Texte par Méry. Astronomie des dames par le Comte Foelix. Paris, G. de Gonet, 1849.
  • Catalogue Illustre de la Collection Dessins et Croquis Originaux, Paris, Plon Frères, 1853.
  • Aventures de Robinson Crusoé, Traduction nouvelle. Édition illustrée par J.-J. Grandville. Paris, Garnier frères, 1870.
  • Les Fleurs animées, illustrées par Grandville, Texte par Alphonse Karr, Taxile Delord et le Comte Fœlix. Nouvelle édition avec planches très soigneusement retouchées pour la gravure et le coloris par M.Louis Joseph Edouard Maubert, peintre d’histoire naturelle attaché au Jardin des Plantes. Paris, Garnier Frères, 1867.
  • Le Diable à Paris : Paris et les Parisiens. Mœurs et coutumes, caractères et portraits des habitants de Paris, tableau complet de leur vie privée, publique, politique et artistique… Précédée d’une histoire de Paris par Théophile Lavallée, Paris, J. Hetzel, 1845-1846 (E.O.), 2 vol. gr. in-8° de Template:Rom-380 et Template:Rom-364 pp., illustrations de Gavarni, Grandville, Bertall....
  • Les Métamorphoses du jour, Paris, garnier 1869 (E.O),fort in 8°, 70 planches lithographiées en couleur + frontispice
  • Fables de Florian, de Tobie et de Ruth, Nouvelle édition. Paris, ~1870 Garnier Frères
  • Petites Misères de la vie humaine, Paris, H. Fournier, 1843.




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