John Locke  

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-"Whatever I write, as soon as I discover it not to be true, my hand shall be the forwardest to throw it into the fire." --[[John Locke]] in a letter to [[William Molyneux]]+"He who understands [[baboon]] would do more toward [[metaphysics]] than [[John Locke|Locke]]."--[[Charles Darwin]], notebooks
 +<hr>
 +"Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, [[tabula rasa|white paper]], void of all characters, without any ideas:— How comes it to be furnished?" --[[John Locke]]; [[An Essay Concerning Human Understanding]]
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-'''John Locke,''' ([[August 29]], [[1632]] – [[October 28]], [[1704]]) was an [[English philosopher]]. Locke is considered the first of the British [[Empiricism|Empiricists]], but is equally important to [[social contract]] theory. His ideas had enormous influence on the development of [[epistemology]] and [[political philosophy]], and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential [[The Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] thinkers and [[Contributions to liberal theory|contributors to liberal theory]]. His writings influenced [[Voltaire]] and [[Rousseau]], many [[Scottish Enlightenment]] thinkers, as well as the [[American Revolution|American revolutionaries]]. This influence is reflected in the [[United States of America|American]] [[Declaration of Independence (United States)|Declaration of Independence]].+'''John Locke''' (29 August 1632&nbsp;28 October 1704) was an [[English philosopher]] and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of [[Classical liberalism|Liberalism]]". Considered one of the first of the British [[Empiricism|empiricists]], following the tradition of Sir [[Francis Bacon]], he is equally important to [[social contract]] theory. His work greatly affected the development of [[epistemology]] and [[political philosophy]]. His writings influenced [[Voltaire]] and [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], many [[Scottish Enlightenment]] thinkers, as well as the [[American Revolution|American revolutionaries]]. His contributions to [[classical republicanism]] and [[liberal theory]] are reflected in the [[United States Declaration of Independence]].
- +
-Locke's [[theory of mind]] is often cited as the origin for modern conceptions of identity and "the self", figuring prominently in the later works of philosophers such as [[David Hume]], [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] and [[Immanuel Kant]]. Locke was the first philosopher to define the self through a continuity of "consciousness." He also postulated that the mind was a "blank slate" or "[[tabula rasa]]"; that is, contrary to Cartesian or Christian philosophy, Locke maintained that people are born without innate ideas.+
 +Locke's [[philosophy of mind|theory of mind]] is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of [[Identity (philosophy)|identity]] and the [[self (psychology)|self]], figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as [[David Hume]], Rousseau, and [[Immanuel Kant]]. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of [[consciousness]]. He postulated that, at birth, the [[mind]] was a blank slate or ''[[tabula rasa]]''. Contrary to [[Descartes|Cartesian]] philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without [[Innatism|innate ideas]], and that [[knowledge]] is instead [[empiricism|determined only by experience]] derived from [[sense]] [[perception]]. This is now known as empiricism. An example of Locke's belief in empiricism can be seen in his quote, "whatever I write, as soon as I discover it not to be true, my hand shall be the forwardest to throw it into the fire." This shows the ideology of science in his observations in that something must be capable of being tested repeatedly and that nothing is exempt from being disproven. Challenging the work of others, Locke is said to have established the method of [[introspection]], or observing the emotions and behaviours of one's self.
 +==See also==
 +*[[A Letter Concerning Toleration]]
==List of major works== ==List of major works==
** (1690) ''A Second Letter Concerning Toleration'' ** (1690) ''A Second Letter Concerning Toleration''
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* (''c.''1662) ''Second Tract of Government'' (or ''the Latin Tract'') * (''c.''1662) ''Second Tract of Government'' (or ''the Latin Tract'')
* (1664) ''Questions Concerning the Law of Nature'' (definitive Latin text, with facing accurate English trans. in Robert Horwitz et al., eds., John Locke, ''Questions Concerning the Law of Nature'', Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990). * (1664) ''Questions Concerning the Law of Nature'' (definitive Latin text, with facing accurate English trans. in Robert Horwitz et al., eds., John Locke, ''Questions Concerning the Law of Nature'', Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990).
-* (1667) ''Essay Concerning Toleration''+* (1667) ''[[Essay Concerning Toleration]]''
* (1706) ''[[Of the Conduct of the Understanding]]'' * (1706) ''[[Of the Conduct of the Understanding]]''
* (1707) ''A paraphrase and notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians'' * (1707) ''A paraphrase and notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians''

Revision as of 13:21, 28 December 2019

"He who understands baboon would do more toward metaphysics than Locke."--Charles Darwin, notebooks


"Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, void of all characters, without any ideas:— How comes it to be furnished?" --John Locke; An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

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John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.

Locke's theory of mind is often cited as the origin of modern conceptions of identity and the self, figuring prominently in the work of later philosophers such as David Hume, Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. He postulated that, at birth, the mind was a blank slate or tabula rasa. Contrary to Cartesian philosophy based on pre-existing concepts, he maintained that we are born without innate ideas, and that knowledge is instead determined only by experience derived from sense perception. This is now known as empiricism. An example of Locke's belief in empiricism can be seen in his quote, "whatever I write, as soon as I discover it not to be true, my hand shall be the forwardest to throw it into the fire." This shows the ideology of science in his observations in that something must be capable of being tested repeatedly and that nothing is exempt from being disproven. Challenging the work of others, Locke is said to have established the method of introspection, or observing the emotions and behaviours of one's self.

Contents

See also

List of major works

Major posthumous manuscripts

  • (1660) First Tract of Government (or the English Tract)
  • (c.1662) Second Tract of Government (or the Latin Tract)
  • (1664) Questions Concerning the Law of Nature (definitive Latin text, with facing accurate English trans. in Robert Horwitz et al., eds., John Locke, Questions Concerning the Law of Nature, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990).
  • (1667) Essay Concerning Toleration
  • (1706) Of the Conduct of the Understanding
  • (1707) A paraphrase and notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians

See also




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