John Seward
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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R. M. Renfield is a fictional character in the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker.
A description of Renfield from Bram Stoker's Dracula:
R. M. Renfield, aetat 59. Sanguine temperament, great physical strength, morbidly excitable, periods of gloom, ending in some fixed idea which I cannot make out. I presume that the sanguine temperament itself and the disturbing influence end in a mentally-accomplished finish, a possibly dangerous man, probably dangerous if unselfish. In selfish men, caution is as secure an armour for their foes as for themselves. What I think of on this point is, when self is the fixed point the centripetal force is balanced with the centrifugal. When duty, a cause, etc., is the fixed point, the latter force is paramount, and only accident of a series of accidents can balance it. - From Dr. John Seward's journal
He is an inmate at the lunatic asylum overseen by Dr. John Seward. Aged fifty-nine, he suffers from a delusional belief system that leads him to eat living creatures in the hope of obtaining their life-force for himself. Being confined to the asylum, and aware of the foolishness of taking on a full-sized hospital orderly, he starts by consuming flies, then develops a scheme of feeding the flies to spiders, and the spiders to birds, in order to accumulate more and more life. When denied a cat to accommodate the birds, he eats the birds himself.
During the course of the novel it is discovered, that he is under the influence of Count Dracula.
However, when confronted by Mina Harker, the object of Dracula's obsession, Renfield suffers an attack of conscience and begs her to flee from his master's grasp. Enraged by this treachery, Dracula infiltrates Renfield's cell (in the form of fog), and when Renfield lures the Count by assisting his entrance to the asylum, the base of Seward and his fellow vampire hunters, Dracula breaks his neck.
Film adaptations of the novel, if they include Renfield, have a tendency to expand his role, making him a twenty-something, more active and long-standing servant of the vampire Count, often depicting his zoophagous mania as a result of falling under Dracula's influence, rather than as a pre-existing condition that made him vulnerable to it. Tod Browning's 1931 film starring Bela Lugosi (with Dwight Frye as Renfield), for example, conflates the character with that of Jonathan Harker, making Renfield the real estate agent who is sent to Transylvania. Nosferatu presents Alexander Granach as a Renfield similar to that of the novel, but gives him the name Knock. The K is intended to be pronounced.
In the 1979 film Dracula, Renfield's first name is given as Milo, and he is a laborer who goes to work at Carfax Abbey.
In "Bill Cosby Himself", in one of the stories he told, Bill refers to him in the line "sounding like Renfield!"
Francis Ford Coppola's 1992 film Bram Stoker's Dracula expressly states that Renfield (performed by Tom Waits) was Harker's predecessor as Count Dracula's agent in London; it is thus implied that this is the reason for his present madness.
In Mel Brooks' 1995 parody Dracula: Dead and Loving It, Renfield's first name is given as Thomas, and he is portrayed by Peter MacNicol.
Popular Culture
In Jim Butcher's series of novels, The Dresden Files, thralls of Black Court vampires are referred to as "Renfields."
In Buffy the Vampire Slayer's "Buffy vs. Dracula" mythos adaptation, Xander served as Dracula's Renfield.
