List of Latin American artists
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Latin-American art is the combined artistic expressions of South America, Central America, the Caribbean and Mexico, also referring to art created by Latin-American people living in other regions.
The art has roots in many different indigenous cultures that inhabited the Americas before the European colonization in the 16th century. The indigenous cultures each developed sophisticated artistic disciplines, highly influenced by religious and spiritual concerns. The blending of Native American, African and European cultures has resulted in a unique mestizo tradition.
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Colonial Period
During the colonial period, a mixture of indigenous traditions and European influences (mainly due to the Christian teachings of Franciscan, Augustinian and Dominican friars) produced a very particular Christian art known as Arte Indocristiano. Beyond the tradition of indigenous art, the development of Latin-American visual art owed much to the influence of Spanish, Portuguese and French Baroque painting, which often followed the trends of the Italian masters.
The Cuzco School is regarded as the first center of European-style painting in the Americas. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Spanish art instructors taught Quechua artists to painting religious imagery after classical and Renaissance-styles.
Constructivist Movement
In general, this artistic Eurocentrism began to fade in the early twentieth century as Latin-Americans began to acknowledge the uniqueness of their condition and started to follow their own path.
From the early twentieth century onwards, the art of Latin-America was greatly inspired by the Constructivist Movement. The Constructivist Movement was founded in Russia around 1913 by Vladimir Tatlin. It quickly spread from Russia to Europe and then into Latin-America. Joaquin Torres Garcia and Manuel Rendón have been credited with bringing the Constructivist Movement from Europe to Latin America.
Muralism
Muralism or 'Muralismo' is an important artistic movement generated in Latin-America. It is popularly represented by Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, José Clemente Orozco, Rufino Tamayo in Mexico, José Venturelli in Chile as well as Pedro Nel Gómez and Santiago Martinez Delgado in Colombia. Some of the most impressive Muralista works can be found in Mexico, Colombia, New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago and Philadelphia. Mexican Muralism "enjoyed a type of prestige and influence in other countries that no other American art movement had ever experienced."
Mexican painter Frida Kahlo may be the best-known female Latin-American artist in the United States. She painted self-portraits and depictions of traditional Mexican culture in a style combining Realism, Symbolism and Surrealism. Kahlo's work commands the highest selling price of all Latin-American paintings and the second-highest for any female artist.
See also
- Art of Colombia
- Art in Puerto Rico
- Art of Venezuela
- Arte Indocristiano
- Brazilian art
- Cuban art
- Culture of Mexico
- Culture of Panama
- Latin American culture
- List of Ecuadorian artists
- List of Latin American artists
- Mexican Muralism
- Paraguayan Indian art
- Peruvian art
- Pre-Columbian art
