Lorraine
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Lorraine is one of the 27 regions of France. The administrative region has two cities of equal importance: Metz, the regional prefecture and Nancy. Lorraine's name is derived from the separate medieval kingdom of Lotharingia, which in turn was named for Charlemagne's grandson Lothair I, who was Lorraine's first king.
The regional name Lorraine can refer to two entities: one a tradition of cultural, regional, and national identity that came into being in the year 843 A.D., the other an administrative political region of the Republic of France, with the borders it arbitrarily acquired over many separate historical events. As a region in modern France, it consists of the four departments Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Moselle and Vosges, and contains 2,337 communes. Lorraine maintains nearly half of France's border with Germany, and also borders Belgium and Luxembourg (independent nations of historical Upper Lorraine which still officially speak variants of Lorraine's historical Franconian language, Lorraine Franconian).
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Major communities
- Épinal
- Forbach
- Lunéville
- Metz
- Montigny-lès-Metz
- Nancy
- Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
- Sarreguemines
- Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy
- Thionville
Fauna and flora
Fauna
Flora
- Ash tree
- Beech
- Buxus boxwood
- Fern
- Geranium
- Hornbeam
- Lily of the Valley
- Maple
- Mirabelle
- Sage
- Spruce
- Thistle
Notable Lorrainers
Art and literature
- Jacques Callot (1592–1635)
- Claude Lorrain (Claude Gellée) (1600–1682)
- Émile Erckmann (1822–1899)
- Alexandre Chatrian (1826–1890)
- Paul Verlaine (1844–1896)
- Émile Jules Gallé (1846–1904)
- Jules Bastien-Lepage (1848–1884)
- Eugène Vallin (1856–1922)
- Émile Durkheim (1858–1917) (pictured)
- Victor Prouvé (1858–1943)
- Louis Majorelle (1859–1926)
- Lucien Weissenburger (1860–1929)
- Émile Friant (1863–1932)
- Paul Charbonnier (1865–1953)
- Henri Bergé (1870–1937)
- Jacques Gruber (1870–1936)
- Émile André (1871–1933)
- Jean-Marie Straub (1933-)
- Bernard-Marie Koltès (1948–1989)
- Philippe Claudel (1962-)
- Georges de La Tour (1593–1652)
Economy and industry
- Albert Bergeret (1859–1932)
- Antonin (1864–1930)
- Auguste (1853–1909)
Military
- Godfrey de Bouillon (1060–1100)
- Georges Mouton (1770–1838)
- Jean Baptiste Eblé (1758–1812)
- Nicolas Oudinot (1767-1848)
- Joseph Léopold Sigisbert Hugo (1774–1828)
- Louis-Hubert Lyautey (1854–1934)
- Charles Mangin (1866-1925)
Musicians and actors
- Florent Schmitt (1870–1958)
- Darry Cowl (1925–2006)
- Charlélie Couture (1956-)
- Tom Novembre (1959-)
- Patricia Kaas (1966-)
Politicians
- Pierre-Louis Roederer (1754–1835)
- Jules Ferry (1832–1893)
- Raymond Poincaré (1860–1934)
- Maurice Barrès (1862–1923)
- Albert Lebrun (1871–1950)
- Robert Schuman (1886–1963)
- Jack Lang (1939-)
Religion
- Bruno d'Eguisheim-Dagsbourg Pope Leo IX (1002–1054)
- Henri Grégoire (1750–1831)
- Joan d'Arc( 1412-1431)
Sciences
- Charles Messier (1730–1817)
- Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier (1757–1785)
- Jean-Victor Poncelet (1788–1867)
- Charles Hermite (1822–1901)
- Edmond Laguerre (1834–1886)
- Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
- Marie Marvingt (1875–1963)
- Louis Camille Maillard (1878–1936)
- Hubert Curien (1924–2005)
Sport
- Michel Platini (1955-)
- Patrick Battiston (1957-)
Miscellaneous
- Antoine de Ville
- Raymond Schwartz (1894–1973)
- Nicolas Chopin (1771–1844)
- Pierre Gaxotte (1895-1982)
- Pierre Le Garde (1985–present)
See also
