Maccabees
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| - | + | The '''Maccabees,''' also spelled '''Machabees''' ({{lang-he|מכבים or מקבים}}, ''Maqabim''; {{Lang-la|Machabaei}} or ''Maccabaei''; {{lang-el|Μακκαβαῖοι}}, ''Makkabaioi''), were the leaders of a [[Jew]]ish rebel army that took control of [[Judea]], which at the time had been a province of the [[Seleucid Empire]]. They founded the [[Hasmonean dynasty]], which ruled from 164 BCE to 63 BCE. They reasserted the Jewish religion, partly by [[forced conversion]], expanded the boundaries of Judea by conquest and reduced the influence of [[Hellenization|Hellenism]] and [[Hellenistic Judaism]]. | |
| - | The '''Ussher chronology''' is a 17th-century [[chronology]] of the [[history]] of the world [[Biblical literalist chronology|formulated from a literal reading]] of the [[Old Testament]] by [[James Ussher]], the [[Archbishop of Armagh (Church of Ireland)]]. The chronology is sometimes associated with [[young Earth creationism]], which holds that the universe was created only a few millennia ago by God as they believe is described in the first two chapters of the [[Books of the Bible|biblical book]] of [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]]. | + | |
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| - | The full title of Ussher's work is ''Annales Veteris Testamenti, a prima mundi origine deducti, una cum rerum Asiaticarum et Aegyptiacarum chronico, a temporis historici principio usque ad Maccabaicorum initia producto.'' ("Annals of the Old Testament, deduced from the first origins of the world, the chronicle of Asiatic and Egyptian matters together produced from the beginning of historical time up to the beginnings of [[Maccabees]]") | + | |
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| - | Ussher's work was his contribution to the long-running theological debate on the age of the [[Earth]]. This was a major concern of many [[Christian]] scholars over the centuries. | + | |
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| - | The chronology is sometimes called the Ussher-Lightfoot chronology because [[John Lightfoot]] published a similar chronology in 1642–1644. This, however, is a misnomer, as the chronology is based on Ussher's work alone and not that of Lightfoot. Ussher deduced that the first day of [[Genesis creation myth|creation]] fell upon, October 23, 4004 BC, in the [[proleptic Julian calendar]], near the [[autumnal equinox]]. Lightfoot similarly deduced that Creation began at nightfall near the autumnal equinox, but in the year 3929 BC. | + | |
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| - | Ussher's proposed date of [[4004 BC]] differed little from [[Dating Creation#Date of Creation according to the Pentateuch|other Biblically-based estimates]], such as those of [[Jose ben Halafta]] (3761 BC), [[Bede]] (3952 BC), Ussher's near-contemporary [[Joseph Justus Scaliger|Scaliger]] (3949 BC), [[Johannes Kepler]] (3992 BC) or [[Sir Isaac Newton]] (c. 4000 BC). more than six thousand years after 4004 BC. | + | |
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Chronology of the Bible]] | + | *[[Alexander Jannaeus]] |
| - | *[[Anno Mundi]] | + | *[[Antinomianism#Antinomianism in the Books of the Maccabees|Antinomianism in the Books of the Maccabees]] |
| - | *[[Anno Lucis]] | + | *[[Aristobulus I]] |
| + | *[[Aristobulus II]] | ||
| + | *[[Hanukkah]] | ||
| + | *[[Hasmonean]] | ||
| + | *[[Hellenistic Judaism]] | ||
| + | *[[Hyrcanus II]] | ||
| + | *[[Jewish nationalism]] | ||
| + | * [[John Gaddi]] | ||
| + | * [[John Hyrcanus]] | ||
| + | * [[Jonathan Apphus]] | ||
| + | * [[Judas Maccabeus]] | ||
| + | * [[Mattathias]] | ||
| + | * ''[[My Glorious Brothers]]'', novel by [[Howard Fast]] | ||
| + | * [[Salome Alexandra]] | ||
| + | * [[Simon Thassi]] | ||
| + | * [[Tobiads]] | ||
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The Maccabees, also spelled Machabees (Template:Lang-he, Maqabim; Template:Lang-la or Maccabaei; Template:Lang-el, Makkabaioi), were the leaders of a Jewish rebel army that took control of Judea, which at the time had been a province of the Seleucid Empire. They founded the Hasmonean dynasty, which ruled from 164 BCE to 63 BCE. They reasserted the Jewish religion, partly by forced conversion, expanded the boundaries of Judea by conquest and reduced the influence of Hellenism and Hellenistic Judaism.
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See also
- Alexander Jannaeus
- Antinomianism in the Books of the Maccabees
- Aristobulus I
- Aristobulus II
- Hanukkah
- Hasmonean
- Hellenistic Judaism
- Hyrcanus II
- Jewish nationalism
- John Gaddi
- John Hyrcanus
- Jonathan Apphus
- Judas Maccabeus
- Mattathias
- My Glorious Brothers, novel by Howard Fast
- Salome Alexandra
- Simon Thassi
- Tobiads
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