Machine
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- | [[Image:Mechanic.jpg|thumb|200px|right|"[[Powerhouse mechanic working on steam pump]]," [[1920]]]] | + | [[Image:Train wreck at Montparnasse 1895.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Train wreck at Montparnasse]]'' ([[October 22]], [[1895]]) by Studio Lévy and Sons]] |
+ | [[Image:Mechanic.jpg|thumb|200px|left|"[[Powerhouse mechanic working on steam pump]]," [[1920]]]] | ||
[[Image:Duck of Vaucanson.jpg|thumb|200px| | [[Image:Duck of Vaucanson.jpg|thumb|200px| | ||
<small>The '''''Canard Digérateur''''', or '''Digesting Duck''', was an [[automaton]] in the form of [[duck]], created by [[Jacques de Vaucanson]] in [[1739]]. | <small>The '''''Canard Digérateur''''', or '''Digesting Duck''', was an [[automaton]] in the form of [[duck]], created by [[Jacques de Vaucanson]] in [[1739]]. | ||
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[[Image:Homme machine (1747) - Julien Offray de La Mettrie.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''[[Man a Machine]]'' ([[1747]]) by [[Julien Offray de La Mettrie]] (edition shown [[1750]])]] | [[Image:Homme machine (1747) - Julien Offray de La Mettrie.jpg|right|thumb|200px|''[[Man a Machine]]'' ([[1747]]) by [[Julien Offray de La Mettrie]] (edition shown [[1750]])]] | ||
{{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
- | # a [[mechanical]] or [[electrical]] device that performs or assists in the performance of human tasks, or is used for amusement (like a pinball machine). | + | A '''machine''' is a [[tool]] consisting of one or more parts that is constructed to achieve a particular [[goal]]. Machines are [[Work (physics)|powered]] devices, usually [[mechanic]]ally, chemically, thermally or electrically powered, and are frequently [[motor]]ized. Historically, a device required moving parts to classify as a machine; however, the advent of [[electronics|electronics technology]] has led to the development of devices without moving parts that are considered machines. |
- | # the group that controls a political or similar organization. | + | |
- | # a vehicle operated mechanically; an [[automobile]]. | + | The word "machine" is derived from the [[Latin]] word ''machina'', which in turn derives from the [[Doric Greek]] ''μαχανά'' (machana), [[Ionic Greek]] ''μηχανή'' (mechane) "contrivance, machine, engine" and that from ''[[μῆχος]]'' (mechos), "means, expedient, remedy". The meaning of machine is traced by the Oxford English Dictionary to something that has been constructed. This includes human design into the meaning of machine. |
- | # a person who seemingly acts like a machine, a person who is very [[proficient]] at a [[task]]. | + | |
- | #: ''Bruce Campbell was a "demon-killing machine" because he made quick work of killing demons.'' | + | A [[simple machine]] is a device that simply transforms the direction or magnitude of a [[force]], but a large number of more complex machines exist. Examples include [[vehicle]]s, [[electronic system]]s, [[molecular machine]]s, [[computer]]s, [[television]] and [[radio]]. |
- | == Types and related components == | + | |
- | {| class="wikitable" | + | |
- | |+ Types of machines and related components | + | |
- | ! rowspan="1" colspan="2" | Classification !! Machine(s) | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Simple machine]]s || [[Inclined plane]], [[Wheel and axle]], [[Lever]], [[Pulley]], [[Wedge (mechanics)|Wedge]], [[Screw (simple machine)|Screw]] <!-- 'Simple machine' has a rather precise meaning - and that is the complete list - don't add to it! --> | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | Mechanical components || [[Axle]], [[Bearing (mechanical)|Bearings]], [[Belt (mechanical)|Belts]], [[Bucket (machine part)|Bucket]], [[Fastener]], [[Gear]], [[Key (lock)|Key]], [[Link chain]]s, [[Rack and pinion]], [[Roller chain]]s, [[Rope]], [[Seal (mechanical)|Seals]], [[Spring (device)|Spring]], [[Wheel]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Clock]] || [[Atomic clock]], [[Chronometer]], [[Pendulum clock]], [[Quartz clock]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Gas compressor|Compressors]] and [[Pump]]s || [[Archimedes' screw]], [[Eductor-jet pump]], [[Hydraulic ram]], [[Pump]], [[Tuyau]], [[Vacuum pump]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="2" colspan="1" | [[Heat engine]]s || [[External combustion engine]]s || [[Steam engine]], [[Stirling engine]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | [[Internal combustion engine]]s || [[Reciprocating engine]], [[Gas turbine]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Heat pump]]s || [[Absorption refrigerator]], [[Thermoelectric cooling|Thermoelectric refrigerator]], [[Regenerative cooling]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Linkage (mechanical)|Linkages]] || [[Pantograph]], [[Cam]], [[Peaucellier-Lipkin linkage|Peaucellier-Lipkin]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Turbine]] || [[Gas turbine]], [[Jet engine]], [[Steam turbine]], [[Water turbine]], [[Wind generator]], [[Windmill]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Airfoil|Aerofoil]] || [[Sail]], [[Wing]], [[Rudder]], [[Flap (aircraft)|Flap]], [[Propeller]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Electronics|Electronic devices]] || [[Vacuum tube]], [[Transistor]], [[Diode]], [[Resistor]], [[Capacitor]], [[Inductor]], [[Memristor]], [[Semiconductor]], [[Computer]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | [[Robot]]s || [[Actuator]], [[Servo motor|Servo]], [[Servomechanism]], [[Stepper motor]], [[Computer]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | | rowspan="1" colspan="2" | Miscellaneous || [[Vending machine]], [[Wind tunnel]], [[Check weigher|Check weighing machines]], [[Riveting machines]] | + | |
- | |- | + | |
- | |} | + | |
== See also == | == See also == | ||
- | *[[Animal machine]] | + | * [[All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace]] |
- | *[[Man machine]] | + | * [[Animal machine]] |
- | *[[Living machine]] | + | * [[Man machine]] |
- | *[[Simple machine]] | + | * [[Living machine]] |
- | *The [[Machine Age]] | + | * [[Simple machine]] |
- | *''[[The Machine Stops]]'' | + | * The [[Machine Age]] |
+ | * ''[[The Machine Stops]]'' | ||
* [[Darwin Among the Machines]] | * [[Darwin Among the Machines]] | ||
* [[Desiring-production]] | * [[Desiring-production]] | ||
+ | * [[Ghost in the machine]] | ||
* [[History of technology]] | * [[History of technology]] | ||
* [[Human body]] | * [[Human body]] | ||
* [[Technology]] | * [[Technology]] | ||
+ | * [[Machine types and related components]] | ||
+ | * [[Useless machine]] | ||
+ | * [[Rube Goldberg machine]] | ||
{{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} |
Revision as of 20:45, 3 September 2014
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A machine is a tool consisting of one or more parts that is constructed to achieve a particular goal. Machines are powered devices, usually mechanically, chemically, thermally or electrically powered, and are frequently motorized. Historically, a device required moving parts to classify as a machine; however, the advent of electronics technology has led to the development of devices without moving parts that are considered machines.
The word "machine" is derived from the Latin word machina, which in turn derives from the Doric Greek μαχανά (machana), Ionic Greek μηχανή (mechane) "contrivance, machine, engine" and that from μῆχος (mechos), "means, expedient, remedy". The meaning of machine is traced by the Oxford English Dictionary to something that has been constructed. This includes human design into the meaning of machine.
A simple machine is a device that simply transforms the direction or magnitude of a force, but a large number of more complex machines exist. Examples include vehicles, electronic systems, molecular machines, computers, television and radio.
See also
- All Watched Over by Machines of Loving Grace
- Animal machine
- Man machine
- Living machine
- Simple machine
- The Machine Age
- The Machine Stops
- Darwin Among the Machines
- Desiring-production
- Ghost in the machine
- History of technology
- Human body
- Technology
- Machine types and related components
- Useless machine
- Rube Goldberg machine