Magna Graecia
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| - | :''[[voyeurism]], [[motif of harmful sensation]]'' | ||
| - | '''''Interpretatio graeca''''' is a [[Latin]] term for the common tendency of [[ancient Greek]] writers to equate foreign divinities to members of their own pantheon. [[Herodotus]], for example, refers to the [[ancient Egypt]]ian gods [[Amon]], [[Osiris]] and [[Ptah]] as "[[Zeus]]", "[[Dionysus]]" and "[[Hephaestus]]", respectively. | + | '''Magna Graecia''' ([[Latin]] meaning "Great Greece") was the name given by the Romans to the coastal areas of [[Southern Italy]] in the present-day regions of [[Campania]], [[Apulia]], [[Basilicata]], [[Calabria]] and [[Sicily]] that were [[Colonies in antiquity#Greek colonies|extensively populated]] by [[Greeks|Greek]] settlers; particularly the [[Achaeans (tribe)|Achaean]] settlements of [[Crotone|Croton]], and [[Sybaris]], and to the north, the settlements of [[Cumae]] and [[Naples|Neapolis]]. The settlers who began arriving in the [[8th century BC]] brought with them their [[Hellenic civilization]], which was to leave a lasting imprint in Italy, such as in the culture of [[ancient Rome]]. Most notably the Roman poet [[Ovid]] referred to the south of Italy as ''Magna Graecia'' in his poem ''[[Fasti (poem)|Fasti]]''. |
| - | ==Roman version== | ||
| - | The equivalent Roman practice was called '''''interpretatio romana'''''. The first use of this phrase was by [[Tacitus]] in his ''[[Germania (book)|Germania]]'' ([http://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Germania#43 ch. 43]), in which he reports on a [[sacred grove]] of the [[Naharvali]], saying "Praesidet sacerdos muliebri ornatu, sed deos '''interpretatione Romana''' Castorem Pollucemque memorant" ('a priest presides in woman's dress, but in the interpretation of the Romans, they worship the gods [[Castor and Pollux]]'). Elsewhere ([http://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Germania#9 ch. 9]) he says that the chief gods of the ancient Germans were [[Hercules]] and [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]]—referring to [[Thor]] and [[Odin]] respectively. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Rome assumes the Greek gods=== | ||
| - | [[Culture of Rome|Roman culture]] owed much to the ancient Greeks. The [[Etruscans]] had already incorporated some Greek gods and used a version of the Greek alphabet. The Greek colonies founded [[Magna Graecia|in southern Italy]] from the eighth century BCE contributed much to the young city, and later, when the Romans conquered the [[Hellenistic]] world, they adopted a new wave of Greek beliefs and practices. (See ''[[Romans and Greeks]]'' for details.) Where the two mythologies shared an origin, the interpretations came naturally; [[Zeus]] and [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]], for example, were both derived from [[Dyeus]] of the [[Proto-Indo-European religion|Proto-Indo-European pantheon]]. Elsewhere the fit was less precise, and the Roman god might add attributes borrowed from the Greek, but remain distinct: [[Mars (god)|Mars]] retained his Latin association with agriculture and fertility alongside his warlike attributes and, quite unlike the fearsome Greek [[Ares]], was a benevolent and widely-revered cult figure. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Some [[List of Di Indigetes|''Di Indigetes'']] (native Roman gods), such as [[Janus (mythology)|Janus]] and [[Terminus (mythology)|Terminus]], had no Greek equivalent and so retained an independent tradition; a few, like [[Bona Dea]], did the same despite sharing attributes with a Greek figure (in this case [[Artemis]]). Others, like the twelve assistants of [[Ceres (Roman mythology)|Ceres]], became mere adjuncts to imported Greek deities (here [[Demeter]]). | ||
| - | |||
| - | ===Rome and the gods of the empire=== | ||
| - | The Romans interpreted [[Celtic mythology|Celtic]] and [[Near East]]ern gods as Roman deities with equal facility. [[Cernunnos]] and [[Lugh]] were identified with [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]], [[Nodens]] to Mars as healer and protector, [[Sulis]] to [[Minerva]], and the [[Teshub|Anatolian storm god]] with his [[labrys|double-headed axe]] became [[Jupiter Dolichenus]], a favorite cult figure among soldiers. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Even the Jewish invocation of [[Yahweh]] [[Sabaoth]] may have been identified with [[Sabazius]]. | ||
| - | |||
| - | Where the Romans had no equivalent figure, they did not hesitate to add foreign deities to their pantheon. Sometimes they would change the name: when [[Cybele]] was adopted from the [[Phrygians]] (the Greeks had previously interpreted her as [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]), she was called ''[[Magna Mater deorum Idaea]]''. Sometimes they would not: [[Apollo]] was called ''Apollo'' in both Greek and Latin. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Greco-Roman equivalences== | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Roman mythology]] was strongly influenced by [[Greek mythology]] and [[Etruscan mythology]]. The following is a list of most credited cult equivalences between the respective systems. Note however that many [[mythography|mythographers]] dismiss both the equivalences made in ancient times and those proposed by modern scholars. | ||
| - | |||
| - | <table align="center" class="wikitable sortable"> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <th>Greek</th> | ||
| - | <th>Greek (Romanized)</th> | ||
| - | <th>Roman</th> | ||
| - | <th>Roman (Anglicized)</th> | ||
| - | <th>Etruscan</th> | ||
| - | <th>Meaning</th> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Άδωνις</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Adonis]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Atunis</td> | ||
| - | <td>''lord, master, or patron''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Αμφιτρίτη</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Amphitrite]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Salacia</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''The third surrounding [the sea]''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Aνάγκη</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Ananke (mythology)|Ananke]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Necessitas</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> ''force, constraint, necessity'' </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Άνεμοι</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Anemoi]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Venti</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Winds''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Aφροδίτη | ||
| - | <td>[[Aphrodite]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Venus (mythology)|Venus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Turan (mythology)|Turan]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''love'' or ''sexual desire''<td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Απόλλων (''Apollōn'') /<br>Φοίβος (''Phoibos'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Apollo]] / [[Phoebus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Apollo / Phoebus</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Aplu]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Phoebus means ''shining one''</td> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Άρης</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Ares]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Mars (mythology)|Mars]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Maris]]</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Άρτεμις</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Artemis]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Diana (mythology)|Diana]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Artume]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Heavenly'' or ''Divine''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ασκληπιός (''Asklēpios'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Asclepius]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Aesculapius / [[Vejovis]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Αθηνά</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Athena]] / Athene</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Minerva]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Menrva]]</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td> Άτροπος</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Atropos]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Morta (deity)|Morta]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Leinth</td> | ||
| - | <td>''without turn''; ''Death''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Βορέας</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Anemoi#North wind|Boreas]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Aquilo / Aquilon</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Andas</td> | ||
| - | <td>''North Wind'' or ''Devouring One''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Χάριτες (''Kharites'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Charites]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Gratiae</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Graces''</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Χάρων (''Kharōn'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Charon (mythology)|Charon]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Charon</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Charun]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''fierce brightness''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Χλωρίς (''Khlōris'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Chloris]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Flora (mythology)|Flora]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Chloris means ''greenish-yellow,'' ''pale green,'' ''pale,'' ''pallid'' or ''fresh.'' Flora means "flower."</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Κλωθώ (''Klōthō'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Clotho]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Nona</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Spin'' or ''Twiddle''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Κρόνος (''Kronos'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Cronus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Saturnus</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Κυβέλη (''Kubelē'')</TD> | ||
| - | <td>[[Cybele]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Magna Mater deorum Idaea|Magna Mater]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Great Mother''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Δημήτηρ</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Demeter]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Ceres (Roman mythology)|Ceres]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Earth Mother''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Διόνυσος (''Diōnusos'') /<br> Βάκχος (''Bakkhos'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Dionysus]] / Bacchus</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Liber]] / Bacchus</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Fufluns]]</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ενυώ</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Enyo]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Bellona</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Warlike''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ηώς</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Eos]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Aurora (mythology)|Aurora]] / Matuta</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Thesan]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Dawn''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td> Ερινύες</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Erinyes]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Dirae / Furiae</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Furies''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Έρις</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Eris (mythology)|Eris]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Discordia</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Strife''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Έρως</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Eros (mythology)|Eros]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Cupido / Amor</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Cupid]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> | ||
| - | <td>''love''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Εύρος (''Euros'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Anemoi#East wind|Eurus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Vulturnus</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Γαία</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Gaia (mythology)|Gaia]] / Gaea</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Terra (mythology)|Terra]] / Tellus</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''land'' or ''earth''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Γαλινθιάς</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Galanthis]] / Galinthias</td> | ||
| - | <td>Galinthis</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Weasel</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Άδης (''Hadēs'') /<br> Πλούτων (''Plouton'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hades]] / [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Dis Pater]] / Pluto / [[Orcus (mythology)|Orcus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Aita</td> | ||
| - | <td>''The Unseen''; ''Wealth''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ήβη</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hebe (mythology)|Hebe]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Iuventas</td> | ||
| - | <td>Juventas</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Εκάτη (''Hekatē'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hecate]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Trivia (mythology)|Trivia]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''she who has power far off'' </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ήλιος</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Helios]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Sol</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Aplu]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Sun''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ήφαιστος (''Hḗphaistos'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hephaestus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Vulcanus</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Sethlans</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ήρα</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hera]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Iuno</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Juno (mythology)|Juno]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Uni (mythology)|Uni]]</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ηρακλής (''Hēraklē̂s'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Heracles]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hercules]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Hercle</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Glory of [[Hera]]''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ερμής</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hermes]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Mercurius</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Turms</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Έσπερος (''Hesperos'') | ||
| - | <td>[[Hesperus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Vesper</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''evening'', ''supper'', ''evening star'', ''west''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Εστία</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hestia]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Vesta (mythology)|Vesta]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''hearth'', ''fireplace''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Υγεία</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hygeia]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Salus</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Health''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ύπνος</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Hypnos]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Somnus</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Sleep''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ειρήνη (''Eirēnē'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Horae#Second generation|Irene]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Pax (mythology)|Pax]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Peace''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Ianus</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Janus (mythology)|Janus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Ani (mythology)|Ani]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Archway''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Λάχεσις (''Lakhesis'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Lachesis (mythology)|Lachesis]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Decima</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Disposer of Lots''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Λητώ</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Leto]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Latona</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Μοίραι (''Moirai'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Moirae]] / Moerae</td> | ||
| - | <td>Parcae / Fatae</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Fates''</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Apportioners''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Μούσαι (''Mousai'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>Musae</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Camenae]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''[[Muse]]s''</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Νίκη</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Nike (mythology)|Nike]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Victoria (mythology)|Victoria]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Victory''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Νότος (''Notos'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Anemoi#South wind|Notus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Auster</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Νυξ (''Nuks'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Nyx (mythology)|Nyx]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Nox</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Night''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Οδυσσεύς</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Odysseus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Ulixes / Ulysses</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Uthuze</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Παλαίμων (''Palaimōn'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Palaemon]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Portunes]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Πάν</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Pan (mythology)|Pan]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Faunus</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Silvanus</td> | ||
| - | <td>Selvans</td> | ||
| - | <td>''of the woods''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Περσεφόνη</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Persephone]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Proserpina]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Proserpine</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''to emerge''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Φήμη</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Pheme]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Fama</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Fame/Rumor''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Φωσφόρος (''Phōsphoros'') | ||
| - | <td>[[Hesperus|Phosphorus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Vesper]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Light Bearer''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ποσειδών</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Poseidon]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Neptunus</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Neptune (mythology)|Neptune]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Nethuns]]</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Πρίαπος (''Priapos'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Priapus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Mutinus Mutunus</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ρέα</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Magna Mater deorum Idaea|Magna Mater]] / [[Ops]]<br> (''See Cybele, above'')</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Σάτυροι (''Saturoi'') / Πάνες</td> | ||
| - | <td>''[[Satyr]]s'' / [[Pane (mythology)|Panes]] <br>(''See Pan, above'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>Fauni</td> | ||
| - | <td>''[[Faun]]s''</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Σελήνη</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Selene]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Luna</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Moon''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Σεμέλη</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Semele]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Stimula</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Semla (mythology)|Semla]]</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Θάνατος</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Thanatos]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Mors (mythology)|Mors]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>Leinth, [[Charun]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Death''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Θέμις</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Themis]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Lady Justice|Iustitia]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Justice''</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''law of nature''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Τύχη (''Tukhe'')</td> | ||
| - | <Td>[[Tyche]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Fortuna (mythology)|Fortuna]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Fortune''</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Nortia]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Luck''; ''Fortune''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ουρανός (''Ouranos'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Caelus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''Sky''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Vertumnus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Voltumna]]</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ζέφυρος (''Zephuros'')</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Anemoi#West wind|Zephyrus]] / ''[[Zephyr]]''</td> | ||
| - | <td>Favonius</td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td> </td> | ||
| - | <td>''the West Wind''; ''Favorable''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | <tr> | ||
| - | <td>Ζεύς</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Zeus]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>Iuppiter / Iovis</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Jupiter (god)|Jupiter]] / Jove</td> | ||
| - | <td>[[Tinia]]</td> | ||
| - | <td>''Sky Father''</td> | ||
| - | </tr> | ||
| - | </table> | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Interpretatio germanica== | ||
| - | '''''Interpretatio germanica''''' is the practice of identifying Roman gods with the names of [[Germanic deities]] by the [[Germanic peoples]]. According to [[Rudolf Simek]], this occurred around the 1st century CE when both cultures came into closer contact, and the only reliable insight into ''interpretatio germanica'' can be found in the Germanic translations of the Roman names for the [[Week-day names|days of the week]]: | ||
| - | * The day of [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]] is translated as the day of [[Tyr|Ziu/Tyr]] (Tuesday). | ||
| - | * The day of [[Mercury (mythology)|Mercury]] is translated as the day of [[Wodan]]/[[Odin]] (Wednesday). | ||
| - | * The day of [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jupiter]] is translated as the day of [[Thor|Donar/Thor]], though Thor is generally identified in ''interpretatio romana'' as [[Hercules]]. (Thursday) | ||
| - | * The day of [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] is translated as the day of [[Frija]]/[[Frigg]]. ([[Friday]]) | ||
| - | Simek states that the problematic nature of ''interpretatio germanica'' is evident, and that divine attributes appear to have been the obvious factors for the correspondence between Jupiter and Thor, but for the other figures one must rely on speculation, and that far too little is known about what role the gods played in then-contemporary belief to be able to use their identification with particular Roman gods to trace their roles in later [[Norse mythology]]. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Di indigetes]] | + | * [[Ancient Greek dialects]] |
| - | *[[Greek mythology]] | + | * [[Greeks in Italy]] |
| - | *[[Roman mythology]] | + | * [[Italiotes]] |
| - | *[[Syncretism]] | + | * [[Graia]] |
| - | + | * [[Graïke]] | |
| + | * [[Graecus]] | ||
| + | * [[Griko people]] | ||
| + | * [[Griko language]] | ||
| + | * [[Hellenic civilization]] | ||
| + | * [[Names of the Greeks]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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Magna Graecia (Latin meaning "Great Greece") was the name given by the Romans to the coastal areas of Southern Italy in the present-day regions of Campania, Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily that were extensively populated by Greek settlers; particularly the Achaean settlements of Croton, and Sybaris, and to the north, the settlements of Cumae and Neapolis. The settlers who began arriving in the 8th century BC brought with them their Hellenic civilization, which was to leave a lasting imprint in Italy, such as in the culture of ancient Rome. Most notably the Roman poet Ovid referred to the south of Italy as Magna Graecia in his poem Fasti.
[edit]
See also
- Ancient Greek dialects
- Greeks in Italy
- Italiotes
- Graia
- Graïke
- Graecus
- Griko people
- Griko language
- Hellenic civilization
- Names of the Greeks
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Magna Graecia" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
