Magna Moralia
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| - | '''''Minima Moralia: Reflexionen aus dem beschädigten Leben (Minima Moralia: Reflections From Damaged Life)''''' is a seminal text in [[Critical Theory]]. [[Theodor W. Adorno]] wrote it during [[World War II]], while he lived as an exile in America. It was originally written for the fiftieth birthday of his friend and collaborator [[Max Horkheimer]], who co-authored the book ''[[Dialectic of Enlightenment]]'' with Adorno. | + | {{Template}} |
| + | The '''''Magna Moralia''''' (or "Great Ethics") is a treatise on [[Ethics|ethics]] traditionally attributed to [[Aristotle]], though the consensus now is that it represents an epitome of his ethical thought by a later, if sympathetic, writer. Several scholars disagree with this, taking the ''Magna Moralia'' to be an authentic work by Aristotle, notably [[Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher|Friedrich Schleiermacher]], Hans von Arnim, and J. L. Ackrill. In any case, it is considered a less mature piece than Aristotle's other ethical works, viz. the ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'', the ''[[Eudemian Ethics]]'', and ''[[Virtues and Vices]]''. There is some debate as to whether they follow more closely the ''Eudemian'' or the ''Nicomachean'' version of the ''Ethics''. | ||
| - | The book takes its title from [[Magna Moralia]], [[Aristotle]]'s lesser known work on ethics. As Adorno writes in the Dedication, the "sorrowful knowledge" (a pun on [[Nietzsche]]'s "The Joyful Knowledge") with which the book is concerned is "the teaching of the good life", a central theme of both the Greek and Hebrew sources of Western philosophy. Today, Adorno maintains, a good, honest life is no longer possible, because we live in an inhuman society. "Life does not live", declares the book's opening epigram. Adorno illustrates this in a series of short reflections and aphorisms into which the book is broken, moving from everyday experiences to disturbing insights on general tendencies of late industrial society. Topics considered include the subversive nature of toys, the desolation of the family, the ungenuinness of being genuine, the decay of conversation, the rise of occultism, and the history of tact. Adorno shows how the smallest changes in everyday behavior stand in relation to the most catastrophic events of the twentieth century. | + | The name "Magna Moralia" cannot be traced further back in time than the reign of [[Marcus Aurelius]]. Prof. Henry Jackson suggested that the work acquired its name from the fact that the two rolls into which it is divided would have loomed large on the shelf in comparison to the eight rolls of the [[Eudemian Ethics]], even though the latter are twice as long. |
| - | The book acknowledges its roots in the "damaged life" of its author, one of many intellectuals driven into exile by [[fascism]], who, according to Adorno, are "mutilated without exception". But as one of its aphorisms reads, "The splinter in your eye is the best magnifying glass." So, as splinters left over from the smashed mirror of philosophy, the book's fragments try to illuminate clues as to humanity's descent into inhumanity in their immediate surroundings. A kind of post-philosophy working against the "untrue whole" of philosophy proper, Minima Moralia holds fast to the Judeo-Christian-[[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] vision of redemption, which it calls the only valid viewpoint with which to engage a deeply troubled world. By bringing the "Messianic light" of criticism on a landscape of consummate negativity, Adorno attempts to "project negatively an image of utopia." | + | [[Saint Gregory]]'s ''[[Commentary on Job]]'' is sometimes also referred to by the title ''Magna Moralia''. |
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The Magna Moralia (or "Great Ethics") is a treatise on ethics traditionally attributed to Aristotle, though the consensus now is that it represents an epitome of his ethical thought by a later, if sympathetic, writer. Several scholars disagree with this, taking the Magna Moralia to be an authentic work by Aristotle, notably Friedrich Schleiermacher, Hans von Arnim, and J. L. Ackrill. In any case, it is considered a less mature piece than Aristotle's other ethical works, viz. the Nicomachean Ethics, the Eudemian Ethics, and Virtues and Vices. There is some debate as to whether they follow more closely the Eudemian or the Nicomachean version of the Ethics.
The name "Magna Moralia" cannot be traced further back in time than the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Prof. Henry Jackson suggested that the work acquired its name from the fact that the two rolls into which it is divided would have loomed large on the shelf in comparison to the eight rolls of the Eudemian Ethics, even though the latter are twice as long.
Saint Gregory's Commentary on Job is sometimes also referred to by the title Magna Moralia.
