Max Planck
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| - | [[Francesco Paolo Tosti]]. Though Tosti's songs never fully left the repertoire, salon music generally fell into a period of obscurity. Even as encores, singers were afraid to sing them at "serious" recitals. In that period, waltzes also flourished. Operettas were also at the peak of their popularity, with composers such as Johann Strauss, Emmerich Kalman, and Franz Lehar. It was during this era that the [[Film|motion pictures]] were born, though these did not become common until after World War I. | ||
| - | European literature underwent a major transformation in the Belle Époque. [[Literary realism]] and [[Naturalism (literature)|naturalism]] achieved new heights. Among the most famous realist or naturalist authors are [[Theodor Fontane]], [[Guy de Maupassant]], and [[Émile Zola]]. Realism gradually gave way to [[Modernism|modernism]], which emerged in the 1890s and came to dominate European literature in the Belle Époque's final years and throughout the [[Interwar period|interwar years]]. Among the most prominent European modernist authors are [[Andrei Bely]], [[Joseph Conrad]], [[James Joyce]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[D. H. Lawrence]], [[Thomas Mann]], [[Robert Musil]], [[Marcel Proust]], [[Arthur Schnitzler]], [[Robert Walser]], and [[W. B. Yeats]]. | + | '''Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck''', [[Royal Society|ForMemRS]], (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was a [[Germans|German]] [[physicist]] who actualized quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of [[quantum mechanics|quantum theory]], for which he received the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] in 1918. |
| - | ==Science and technology== | ||
| - | The Belle Époque was an era of great scientific and technological advancement in Europe and the world, in general. Inventions that either are associated with this era or became generally common in this era include the [[automobile]], the [[Fixed-wing aircraft|aeroplane]], the [[phonograph]], the [[telephone]], the [[cinématographe]] and the [[Rapid transit|subway or underground railway]]. | ||
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| - | It was during this era that biologists and physicians finally came to understand the true origins of illnesses, and the field of [[bacteriology]] was established. [[Max Planck]], [[Albert Einstein]], and [[Niels Bohr]] initiated modern physics. [[Sigmund Freud]] revolutionized the field of [[psychology]]. To recognize many of the great advances made in science in this era, the [[Nobel Prize]]s were established for physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine. | ||
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| - | The [[social sciences]] also flourished with the professionalization and modernization of research techniques for many disciplines, including history and [[political science]]. [[Georg Simmel]], [[Émile Durkheim]] and [[Max Weber]], along with American [[Thorstein Veblen]], pioneered the field of academic [[sociology]]. | ||
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| - | == Succès de scandale == | ||
| - | see [[Succès de scandale]] | ||
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| - | == Related == | ||
| - | [[France]] - [[belle]] - [[beauty]] - [[fin de siècle ]] | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * ''[[Fin de siècle]]'' | + | {| |
| - | * The corresponding [[Victorian_period|Victorian]] and [[Edwardian period]] in Britain | + | |- |
| - | * ''[[Succès de scandale]]'' | + | |valign="top"| |
| - | * [[Belle Époque (film)]] | + | *[[Planck units]] |
| + | **[[Planck length]] | ||
| + | **[[Planck mass]] | ||
| + | **[[Planck time]] | ||
| + | **[[Planck temperature]] | ||
| + | **[[Planck charge]] | ||
| + | *[[Planck units#Derived Planck units|Derived Planck units]] | ||
| + | **[[Planck current]] | ||
| + | **[[Planck power]] | ||
| + | **[[Planck density]] | ||
| + | |valign="top"| | ||
| + | *[[Planck's law of black body radiation]] | ||
| + | *[[Planck epoch]] | ||
| + | *[[Planck particle]] | ||
| + | *[[Planck postulate]] | ||
| + | *[[Max-Planck-Gesellschaft]] | ||
| + | *[[Planck (crater)]] | ||
| + | *[[Max Planck Society]] | ||
| + | *[[Planck Surveyor]] | ||
| + | *[[Photon polarization]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | *[[German inventors and discoverers]] | ||
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Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck, ForMemRS, (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was a German physicist who actualized quantum physics, initiating a revolution in natural science and philosophy. He is regarded as the founder of quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.
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