Nazism  

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 +[[Image:A Child at Gunpoint of the Stroop Report.jpg |thumb|right|200px|This page '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is part of the [[Nazism]] portal.<br><Small>Illustration: ''[[A Child at Gunpoint]]'' ([[1943]]) from the ''[[Stroop Report]]''</small>]][[Image:Cover of the brochure of the Entartete Musik exhibition.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Cover of the brochure of the "[[Entartete Musik]] exhibition]]
 +{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"Not so long ago, [[Nazism]] transformed the whole of Europe into a genuine [[colony]]. The governments various European nations demanded [[reparation]]s restitution in money and kind for their stolen treasures. As a result, [[cultural artifact]]s, paintings, sculptures, and stained-glass windows were returned to their owners. In the aftermath of war the Europeans were adamant about one thing: "Germany pay." At the opening of the Eichmann trial Mr. Adenauer, on behalf of the German people, once again asked forgiveness from the Jewish people."--''[[The Wretched of the Earth]]'' (1961) by Frantz Fanon
 +|}
 +[[Image:Degenerate art exhibition in Nazi Germany.jpg|thumb|right|200px|This page '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is part of the [[censorship]] portal.
 +<br>
 +<Small>Illustration: Cover of the catalogue of the Nazi "[[Degenerate Art Exhibition]]" (1937). The exhibition was held to defame modern and Jewish artists. On the cover is ''[[Der Neue Mensch]]'' sculpture by [[Otto Freundlich]].</Small>]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-: Many see strong connections to the values of Nazism and the [[irrationalism|irrationalist]] tradition of the [[romantic movement]] of the early 19th century. Strength, passion, frank declarations of [[feeling]]s, and deep devotion to family and community were valued by the Nazis though first expressed by many Romantic artists, musicians, and writers. [Jun 2006] 
-'''Nazism''' or '''Naziism''', officially called '''National Socialism''' ([[German language|German]]: ''Nationalsozialismus''), refers primarily to the [[totalitarianism|totalitarian]] ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (''National Socialist German Workers' Party'', German: ''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' or ''NSDAP'') under [[Adolf Hitler]]. It also refers to the policies adopted by the government of [[Germany]] [[1933]] to [[1945]], a period in German history known as [[Nazi Germany]] or the "Third Reich". {{GFDL}}+'''Nazism''', or '''National Socialism''' (''Nationalsozialismus'') in full, was the [[ideology]] of the [[Nazi Party]] in [[Germany]] and related movements outside Germany. It is a variety of [[fascism]] that incorporates [[Scientific racism|biological racism]] and [[antisemitism]]. Nazism developed in Germany from the influence of the [[Far-right politics|far-right]] [[Racism|racist]] ''[[Völkisch movement|Völkisch]]'' [[German nationalism|German nationalist]] movement and the [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] ''[[Freikorps#Post-World War I|Freikorps]]'' [[paramilitary]] culture which fought against the [[Communism|communists]] in post-[[World War I]] Germany. The German Nazi Party and its affiliates in Germanic states supported [[pan-Germanicism]]. It was designed to draw workers away from communism and into ''völkisch'' nationalism. Major elements of Nazism have been described as [[Far-right politics|far-right]], such as allowing domination of society by people deemed racially superior, while purging society of people declared inferior, who were said to be a threat to national survival.
 + 
 +Nazism claimed that an [[Aryan race|Aryan]] [[master race]] was superior to all other [[Race (classification of humans)|races]]. To maintain what it regarded as the purity and strength of the Aryan race, Nazis sought to [[Genocide|exterminate]] [[Jews]] and [[Romani people|Romani]], and the [[Physical disability|physically]] and [[Developmental disability|mentally disabled]]. Other groups deemed "[[Degeneration|degenerate]]" or "[[Asociality|asocial]]" received [[Social exclusion|exclusionary treatment]], including [[Homosexuality|homosexuals]], [[Black people|blacks]], [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] and political opponents. The Nazis supported territorial [[expansionism]] to gain ''[[Lebensraum]]'' ("living space") as being a [[Natural law|law of nature]] for all healthy and vigorous peoples of superior races growing in population to displace peoples of inferior races; especially people of a superior race facing [[overpopulation]] in their given territories. Nazism rejected [[democracy]] because it believed Jews used it for their self-preservation.
 + 
 +The German Nazi ''[[Führer]]'' [[Adolf Hitler]] had objected to the party's previous leader's decision to use the word "[[Socialism|Socialist]]" in its name, as Hitler at the time preferred to use "Social Revolutionary". Upon taking over the leadership, Hitler kept the term but defined socialism as being based upon a commitment of an individual to a community. Hitler did not want the ideology's socialism to be conflated with [[Socialism (Marxism)|Marxian socialism]]. He claimed that true socialism does not repudiate [[private property]] unlike the claims of [[Marxism]], and stated that the "Marxians have stolen the term and confused its meaning" and "Communism is not socialism. Marxism is not socialism." Nazism denounced both [[capitalism]] and communism for being associated with Jewish [[materialism]]. Nazism favoured private property, freedom of contract, and promoted the creation of a national [[Social solidarity|solidarity]] that would transcend class differences. Like other fascist movements, Nazism supported the outlawing of [[Strike action|strikes]] by [[employee]]s and [[Lockout (industry)|lockouts]] by [[employer]]s, because these were regarded as a threat to national unity. Instead, the state controlled and approved wage and salary levels.
 + 
 +==Romanticism and Nazism==
 +[[German Romanticism]] and the [[völkisch]] ideologies were influential in the development of Nazism. Authors such as [[Thomas Mann]] and [[Georg Lukács]] have advanced the thesis of romanticism as the intellectual parent of Nazism (''Rereading Romanticism'').
 +==See also==
 +* [[1940s subcultures]]
 +* [[Anti-capitalism]]
 +* [[Anti-communism]]
 +* [[Antisemitism]]
 +* [[Consequences of German Nazism]]
 +* [[Degenerate art]]
 +* [[Degenerate music]]
 +* [[Denazification]]
 +* [[Fascism]]
 +* [[Fascism and ideology]]
 +* [[Female guards in Nazi concentration camps]]
 +* [[First they came...]]
 +* [[Final Solution]]
 +* [[Functionalism versus intentionalism]]
 +* [[German nationalism]]
 +* [[Holocaust]]
 +**[[Responsibility for the Holocaust]]
 +* [[Nationalism]]
 +* [[Nazi concentration camps]]
 +* [[Nazi exploitation]]
 +* [[Nazi Germany]]
 +* [[Nazi occultism]]
 +* [[Neo-Nazism]]
 +* [[New Order (Nazism)]]
 +* [[Racism]]
 +* [[Weimar culture]]
 +* [[Women in the Third Reich]]
 +{{GFDL}}

Revision as of 13:05, 20 December 2019

This page Nazism is part of the Nazism portal.Illustration: A Child at Gunpoint (1943) from the Stroop Report
Enlarge
This page Nazism is part of the Nazism portal.
Illustration: A Child at Gunpoint (1943) from the Stroop Report
Cover of the brochure of the "Entartete Musik exhibition
Enlarge
Cover of the brochure of the "Entartete Musik exhibition

"Not so long ago, Nazism transformed the whole of Europe into a genuine colony. The governments various European nations demanded reparations restitution in money and kind for their stolen treasures. As a result, cultural artifacts, paintings, sculptures, and stained-glass windows were returned to their owners. In the aftermath of war the Europeans were adamant about one thing: "Germany pay." At the opening of the Eichmann trial Mr. Adenauer, on behalf of the German people, once again asked forgiveness from the Jewish people."--The Wretched of the Earth (1961) by Frantz Fanon

This page Nazism is part of the censorship portal.  Illustration: Cover of the catalogue of the Nazi "Degenerate Art Exhibition" (1937). The exhibition was held to defame modern and Jewish artists. On the cover is Der Neue Mensch sculpture by Otto Freundlich.
Enlarge
This page Nazism is part of the censorship portal.
Illustration: Cover of the catalogue of the Nazi "Degenerate Art Exhibition" (1937). The exhibition was held to defame modern and Jewish artists. On the cover is Der Neue Mensch sculpture by Otto Freundlich.

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Nazism, or National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus) in full, was the ideology of the Nazi Party in Germany and related movements outside Germany. It is a variety of fascism that incorporates biological racism and antisemitism. Nazism developed in Germany from the influence of the far-right racist Völkisch German nationalist movement and the anti-communist Freikorps paramilitary culture which fought against the communists in post-World War I Germany. The German Nazi Party and its affiliates in Germanic states supported pan-Germanicism. It was designed to draw workers away from communism and into völkisch nationalism. Major elements of Nazism have been described as far-right, such as allowing domination of society by people deemed racially superior, while purging society of people declared inferior, who were said to be a threat to national survival.

Nazism claimed that an Aryan master race was superior to all other races. To maintain what it regarded as the purity and strength of the Aryan race, Nazis sought to exterminate Jews and Romani, and the physically and mentally disabled. Other groups deemed "degenerate" or "asocial" received exclusionary treatment, including homosexuals, blacks, Jehovah's Witnesses and political opponents. The Nazis supported territorial expansionism to gain Lebensraum ("living space") as being a law of nature for all healthy and vigorous peoples of superior races growing in population to displace peoples of inferior races; especially people of a superior race facing overpopulation in their given territories. Nazism rejected democracy because it believed Jews used it for their self-preservation.

The German Nazi Führer Adolf Hitler had objected to the party's previous leader's decision to use the word "Socialist" in its name, as Hitler at the time preferred to use "Social Revolutionary". Upon taking over the leadership, Hitler kept the term but defined socialism as being based upon a commitment of an individual to a community. Hitler did not want the ideology's socialism to be conflated with Marxian socialism. He claimed that true socialism does not repudiate private property unlike the claims of Marxism, and stated that the "Marxians have stolen the term and confused its meaning" and "Communism is not socialism. Marxism is not socialism." Nazism denounced both capitalism and communism for being associated with Jewish materialism. Nazism favoured private property, freedom of contract, and promoted the creation of a national solidarity that would transcend class differences. Like other fascist movements, Nazism supported the outlawing of strikes by employees and lockouts by employers, because these were regarded as a threat to national unity. Instead, the state controlled and approved wage and salary levels.

Romanticism and Nazism

German Romanticism and the völkisch ideologies were influential in the development of Nazism. Authors such as Thomas Mann and Georg Lukács have advanced the thesis of romanticism as the intellectual parent of Nazism (Rereading Romanticism).

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Nazism" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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