November 9  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
- 
-* [[694]] - [[Egica]], a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses [[Jew]]s of aiding [[Muslim]]s, sentencing all Jews to slavery. 
-*[[1282]] - [[Pope Martin IV]] excommunicated King [[Peter III of Aragon]]. 
-*[[1313]] - [[Louis the Bavarian]] defeats his cousin [[Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg)|Frederick I of Austria]] at the [[Battle of Gamelsdorf]].  
-*[[1492]] - [[Peace of Etaples]] between [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and [[Charles VIII of France|Charles VIII]]. 
-*[[1494]] - [[Family de' Medici]] become rulers of [[Florence]]. 
-*[[1688]] - The [[Glorious Revolution]]: [[William of Orange]] captures [[Exeter]]. 
-*[[1697]] - [[Pope Innocent XII]] founds the city of [[Cervia]]. 
-*[[1729]] - Spain, France & England sign the [[Treaty of Seville]]. 
-*[[1764]] - [[Mary Campbell]], a captive of the [[Lenape]] during the [[French and Indian War]], is turned over to forces commanded by Colonel [[Henry Bouquet]]. 
-*[[1799]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]] leads the [[Coup d'état]] of [[18 Brumaire]] ending the [[French Directory|Directory]] government, and becoming one of its three Consuls ([[French Consulate|Consulate Government]]). 
-*[[1848]] - [[Robert Blum]], [[Germany|German]] revolutionary, executed in [[Vienna]] 
-*[[1851]] - [[Kentucky]] marshals abduct abolitionist minister [[Calvin Fairbank]] from [[Jeffersonville, Indiana]], and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a [[slave]] escape. 
-*[[1861]] - The first documented [[Canadian Football|football]] match in Canada was played at [[University College, University of Toronto]]. 
-*[[1862]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[United States|Union]] General [[Ambrose Burnside]] assumes command of the [[Army of the Potomac]], after [[George B. McClellan]] was removed. 
-*[[1872]] - The [[Great Boston Fire of 1872]]. 
-*[[1887]] - The [[United States]] receives rights to [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Hawaii]].  
*[[1888]] - [[Jack the Ripper]] kills Mary Jane Kelly, his last known victim. *[[1888]] - [[Jack the Ripper]] kills Mary Jane Kelly, his last known victim.
-*[[1906]] - [[Theodore Roosevelt]] is the first sitting [[President of the United States]] to make an official trip outside the country (to inspect progress on the [[Panama Canal]]).+*[[1966]] - [[Yoko Ono]] first meets [[John Lennon]] when he visited a preview of an exhibition of Ono's at the [[Indica Gallery]] in [[London]].
-*[[1907]] - The [[Cullinan Diamond]] is presented to [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom|King Edward VII]] on his birthday.+*[[1938]] - [[Kristallnacht]], [[Nazi Germany]]'s first large-scale physical act of anti-Jewish violence, begins.
-*[[1917]] - [[Stalin]] enters the provisional government of [[USSR]].+*[[1989]] – [[Cold War]]: [[Berlin Wall|Fall of the Berlin Wall]]. [[Communism|Communist]]-controlled [[East Germany]] opens [[Border checkpoint|checkpoint]]s in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to travel to [[West Germany]]. This key event led to the eventual [[German reunification|reunification of East and West Germany]], and [[fall of communism]] in eastern Europe including Russia.
-*[[1918]] - Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany]] abdicates after the [[German Revolution]], and [[Germany]] is proclaimed a [[Republic]].+
-*[[1921]] - [[Albert Einstein]] awarded Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with the [[photoelectric effect]]. +
-*[[1923]] - In [[Munich]], [[Germany]], police and government troops crush the [[Beer Hall Putsch]] in [[Bavaria]]. The failed [[coup]] is the work of the [[Nazis]].+
-*[[1932]] - Riots between conservative and socialist supporters in [[Switzerland]] kill 12 and injure 60.+
-*[[1935]] - The [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] is founded in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]] by eight [[trade unions]] belonging to the [[American Federation of Labor]].+
-*[[1937]] - Japanese troops take control of [[Shanghai]], [[China]].+
-*[[1938]] - [[Kristallnacht]], [[Nazi Germany]]'s first large-scale act of physical anti-Jewish violence, begins.+
-*[[1953]] - [[Cambodia]] becomes independent from [[France]]. +
-*[[1960]] - [[Robert McNamara]] is named president of [[Ford Motor Co.]], the first non-Ford to serve in that post — quitting a month later to join the newly-elected [[John F. Kennedy]] administration. +
-*[[1963]] - At [[Miike coal mine]], [[Miike District, Fukuoka|Miike]], [[Japan]], an explosion kills 458, and hospitalises 839 with [[carbon monoxide poisoning]]. A three-train disaster in [[Yokohama]], also in [[Japan]], kills more than 160 people.+
-*[[1965]] - Several [[U.S. state]]s and parts of [[Canada]] are hit by a series of [[Power outage|blackout]]s lasting up to 13 hours in the [[Northeast Blackout of 1965]].+
-* 1965 - [[Catholic Worker]] member [[Roger Allen LaPorte]], protesting against the [[Vietnam War]], sets himself on fire in front of the [[United Nations]] building. +
-*[[1967]] - [[Apollo program]]: [[NASA]] launches the unmanned [[Apollo 4]] test spacecraft from [[Cape Kennedy]]. +
-* 1967 - First issue of [[Rolling Stone]] Magazine is published. +
-* 1967 - [[France|French]] [[comic book]] heroes [[Valérian and Laureline]] make their debut in the pages of ''[[Pilote]]'' magazine.+
-*[[1970]] - Vietnam War: The [[Supreme Court of the United States]] votes 6 to 3 against hearing a case to allow [[Massachusetts]] to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war. +
-*[[1971]] - [[John List]], an accountant from [[Westfield, New Jersey]] murders his mother, wife and three children. He then hides under a new identity for 18 years.+
-*[[1985]] - [[Garry Kasparov]] becomes the youngest world chess champion by beating [[Anatoly Karpov]] +
-*[[1989]] - [[Cold War]]: [[Communism|Communist]]-controlled [[East Germany]] opens checkpoints in the [[Berlin Wall]] allowing its citizens to freely travel to [[West Germany]]. People start demolishing the Berlin Wall. +
-*[[1990]] - New democratic constitution issued in [[Nepal]].+
-* 1990 - [[Mary Robinson]] elected [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland's]] first woman [[President of Ireland|President]] and the first from the [[Labour Party (Ireland)|Labour Party]]. +
-*[[1993]] - [[Stari most]], the "old bridge" in Bosnian [[Mostar]] built in [[1566]], collapses after several days of bombing.+
-*[[1994]] - Discovery of the [[chemical element]] [[Darmstadtium]].+
-*[[1998]] - Brokerage houses are ordered to pay US$1.03 billion to cheated [[NASDAQ]] investors to compensate for their price-fixing. This is the largest civil settlement in [[United States]] history.+
-*1998 - [[Capital punishment in the United Kingdom]], already abolished for murder, is completely abolished for all remaining capital offences.+
-*[[1999]] - [[TAESA Flight 725]], went down a few minutes after leaving the Uruapan airport en-route to Mexico City. 18 people were killed in the accident+
-*[[2003]] - During the holy month of [[Ramadan]], a suicide-terrorist attack in [[Riyadh]], [[Saudi Arabia]], kills 17 people.+
-*[[2005]] - The [[Venus Express]] mission of the [[European Space Agency]] is launched from the [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in [[Kazakhstan]].+
-* 2005 - [[2005 Amman bombings|Suicide bombers attacked]] three hotels in [[Amman, Jordan]], killing at least 56 people.+
-* 2005 - [[Muriel Degauque]] becomes the first [[Belgian]] [[female suicide bomber]], wounding one in Iraq.+
- +
==Births== ==Births==
-*[[200v. Chr.]] - [[Undertaker,Hundesohn,WWE´s Deadman]](d. [[111114415548]]+*[[1818]] - [[Ivan Turgenev]], Russian writer (d. [[1883]])
-*[[1414]] - [[Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg]] (d. [[1486]])+*[[1855]] - [[Armand Rosenthal]], French journalist (b. [[1898]])
-*[[1522]] - [[Martin Chemnitz]], German theologian (d. [[1586]])+*[[1899]] - [[Mezz Mezzrow ]], United States jazz musician (d. [[1972]])
-*[[1664]] - [[Henry Wharton]], English writer (d. [[1695]])+*[[1910]] - [[Irving Klaw]], American photographer and filmmaker. (b. [[1966]])
-*[[1717]] - [[Johann Joachim Winckelmann]], German archaeologist (d. [[1768]])+
-*[[1721]] - [[Mark Akenside]], English poet and physician (d. [[1770]])+
-*[[1731]] - [[Benjamin Banneker]], American scientist (d. [[1806]])+
-*[[1732]] - [[Julie de Lespinasse]], French aristocrat, hostess and writer (d. [[1776]])+
-*[[1802]] - [[Elijah P. Lovejoy]], American abolitionist (d. [[1837]])+
-*[[1810]] - [[Bernhard von Langenbeck]], German surgeon (d. [[1887]])+
-*[[1818]] (N.S.) - [[Ivan Turgenev]], Russian writer (d. [[1883]])+
-*[[1825]] - [[A.P. Hill]], American Confederate general (d. [[1865]])+
-*[[1832]] - [[Émile Gaboriau]], French writer (d. [[1873]])+
-*[[1840]] - [[Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau]], French Canadian lawyer (d. [[1898]])+
-*[[1841]] - King [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] (d. [[1910]])+
-*[[1853]] - [[Stanford White]], American architect (d. [[1906]])+
-*[[1869]] - [[Marie Dressler]], Canadian actress (d. [[1934]])+
-*[[1872]] - [[Bohdan Lepky]], Ukrainian writer and poet (d. [[1941]])+
-*[[1873]] - [[Otfrid Foerster]], German neurologist (d. [[1941]])+
-*[[1874]] - [[Albert Francis Blakeslee]], American botanist (d. [[1954]])+
-*[[1877]] - [[Enrico De Nicola]], Italian politician (d. [[1959]])+
-* 1877 - [[Allama Iqbal]], Indian [[National poet]] of [[Pakistan]] (d. [[1938]])+
-*[[1879]] - [[Milan Šufflay]], Croatian politician (d. [[1931]])+
-*[[1880]] - Sir [[Giles Gilbert Scott]], English architect, designer of the [[red telephone box]] (d. [[1960]])+
-*[[1883]] - [[Edna May Oliver]], American actress (d. [[1942]])+
-*[[1885]] (N.S.) - [[Velimir Khlebnikov]], Russian writer (d. [[1922]])+
-* 1885 - [[Hermann Weyl]], German mathematician (d. [[1955]])+
-* 1885 - [[Theodor Kaluza]], German scientist (d. [[1954]])+
-* 1885 - [[Aureliano Pertile]], Italian tenor (d. [[1952]])+
-*[[1886]] - [[S. O. Davies]], Welsh politician (d. [[1972]])+
-* 1886 - [[Ed Wynn]], American actor (d. [[1966]])+
-*[[1889]] - [[Jean Monnet]], French internationalist (d. [[1979]])+
-*[[1895]] - [[Mae Marsh]], American actress (d. [[1968]])+
-*[[1897]] - [[Ronald George Wreyford Norrish]], British chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel laureate]] (d. [[1978]])+
-*[[1902]] - [[Anthony Asquith]], British film director (d. [[1968]])+
-*[[1904]] - [[Viktor Brack]], Nazi physician (d. [[1948]])+
-*[[1905]] - [[Erika Mann]], German writer (d. [[1969]])+
-*[[1906]] - [[Arthur Rudolph]], German rocket engineer (d. [[1996]])+
-*[[1911]] - [[Tabish Dehlvi]], Pakistani poet (d. [[2004]])+
*[[1913]] - [[Hedy Lamarr]], Austrian actress (d. [[2000]]) *[[1913]] - [[Hedy Lamarr]], Austrian actress (d. [[2000]])
-*[[1915]] - [[André François]], French cartoonist (d. [[2005]])+*[[1915]] - [[André François]], French cartoonist (d. 2005)
-* 1915 - [[Sargent Shriver]], American politician+*[[1926]] - [[Vicente Aranda]] Spanish filmmaker (d. 2015)
-*[[1918]] - [[Choi Hong Hi]], Founder of Taekwon-Do (d. [[2002]])+
-* 1918 - [[Spiro Agnew]], 39th [[Vice President of the United States]] (d. [[1996]])+
-* 1918 - [[Thomas Ferebee]], [[Enola Gay]] [[bombardier]] over [[Hiroshima]] (d. [[2000]])+
-*[[1921]] - [[Viktor Chukarin]], Soviet gymnast (d. [[1984]])+
-* 1921 - [[Pierrette Alarie]], Canadian soprano+
-*[[1922]] - [[Raymond Devos]], French humorist (d. [[2006]])+
-* 1922 - [[Imre Lakatos]], Hungarian philosopher (d. [[1974]]) +
-*[[1923]] - [[Alice Coachman]], American athlete+
-* 1923 - [[Dorothy Dandridge]], American actress (d. [[1965]])+
-*[[1925]] - Sir [[Alistair Horne]], British historian +
-*[[1928]] - [[Anne Sexton]], American poet (d. [[1974]])+
-*[[1929]] - [[Imre Kertész]], Hungarian writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel laureate]]+
-* 1929 - [[Marc Favreau]], Quebec humorist (d. [[2005]])+
-*[[1931]] - [[Whitey Herzog]], American baseball player+
-*[[1934]] - [[Ingvar Carlsson]], Swedish politician+
-* 1934 - [[Carl Sagan]], American astronomer and writer (d. [[1996]])+
-*[[1935]] - [[Bob Gibson]], American baseball player+
-*[[1936]] - [[Daniel Robert Graham]], American politician+
-* 1936 - [[Mikhail Tal]], Latvian chess player (d. [[1992]])+
-* 1936 - [[Mary Travers (singer)|Mary Travers]], American singer ([[Peter, Paul and Mary]])+
*[[1937]] - [[Roger McGough]], English poet *[[1937]] - [[Roger McGough]], English poet
-* 1937 - [[Clyde Wells]], Canadian politician + 
-*[[1939]] - [[Paul Cameron]], American psychologist+==Deaths==
-*[[1941]] - [[Tom Fogerty]], American musician ([[Creedence Clearwater Revival]]) (d. [[1990]])+*[[1778]] - [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], Italian artist (b. [[1720]])
-*[[1942]] - [[Tom Weiskopf]], American golfer+*[[1918]] - [[Guillaume Apollinaire]], French poet (b. [[1880]])
-*[[1947]] - [[Robert David Hall]], American actor+*[[1929]] - [[Jacques Rigaut]], French surrealist poet(b. [[1898]])
-*[[1948]] - [[Michel Pagliaro]], Quebec singer+*[[1953]] - [[Dylan Thomas]], Welsh poet and author (b. [[1914]]
-* 1948 - [[Bille August]], Danish film and television director+*[[1970]] - [[Charles de Gaulle]], French statesman (b. [[1890]])
-* 1948 - [[Henrik S. Järrel]], Swedish politician+*[[1980]] - [[Toyen]], Czech painter (b. [[1902]])
-*[[1951]] - [[Lou Ferrigno]], American bodybuilder +*[[1991]] - [[Yves Montand]], French actor (b. [[1921]])
-*[[1953]] - [[Gaétan Hart]], Canadian boxer+ 
-*[[1954]] - [[Dennis Stratton]], British musician, ([[Iron Maiden]], [[Praying Mantis (band)|Praying Mantis]])+
-*[[1955]] - [[Bob Nault]], French Canadian politician+
-* 1955 - [[Karen Dotrice]], British actress+
-* 1955 - [[Fernando Meirelles]], Brazilian film director+
-*[[1959]] - [[Thomas Quasthoff]], German singer+
-* 1959 - [[Tony Slattery]], British actor +
-* 1959 - [[Nick Hamilton]], American wrestling referee+
-* 1959 - [[Sito Pons]], Spanish motorbike racer+
-*[[1961]] - [[Jill Dando]], British television presenter (d. [[1999]])+
-*[[1963]] - [[Fulvio Fantoni]], Italian bridge player+
-*[[1964]] - [[Robert Duncan McNeill]], American actor+
-*[[1965]] - [[Bryn Terfel]], Welsh baritone+
-* 1965 - [[Teryl Rothery]], Canadian actress+
-*[[1967]] - [[Ricky Otto]], English footballer+
-*[[1968]] - [[Nazzareno Carusi]], Italian pianist+
-*[[1969]] - [[Allison Wolfe]], American musician ([[Bratmobile]], [[Cold Cold Hearts]], [[Partyline]])+
-* 1969 - [[Sandy Denton]], American musician ("Pepa" of [[Salt-N-Pepa]])+
-*[[1970]] - [[Chris Jericho]], Canadian wrestler+
-* 1970 - [[Susan Tedeschi]], American musician+
-* 1970 - [[Scarface (rapper)|Scarface]], American rapper+
-* 1970 - [[Domino (Producer)|Domino (Hip Hop Producer)]], American Hip Hop Producer+
-*[[1971]] - [[David Duval]], American golfer+
-* 1971 - [[Melinda Kinnaman]], Swedish actress+
-* 1971 - [[Big Punisher]], real name Christopher Rios, American rapper (d. [[2000]])+
-*[[1972]] - [[Corin Tucker]], American musician ([[Sleater-Kinney]])+
-* 1972 - [[Doug Russell]], American radio personality+
-* 1972 - [[Eric Dane]], American actor+
-*[[1973]] - [[Nick Lachey]], American singer+
-* 1973 - [[Zisis Vryzas]], Greek footballer+
-* 1973 - [[Alyson Court]], Canadian actress+
-*[[1974]] - [[Alessandro Del Piero]], Italian footballer+
-* 1974 - [[Joe C.]], American rapper (d. [[2000]])+
-* 1974 - [[Uncle Kracker]], American singer and rapper+
-*[[1978]] - [[Steven Lopez]], American taekwondo martial artist+
-* 1978 - [[Todd Self]], American baseball player+
-* 1978 - [[Sisqó]], American singer ([[Dru Hill]])+
-*[[1979]] - [[Adam Dunn]], American baseball player+
-* 1979 - [[Caroline Flack]], British television presenter+
-* 1979 - [[Martin Taylor (footballer)|Martin Taylor]], English footballer+
-*[[1980]] - [[Dominique Maltais]], Quebec snowboarder+
-* 1980 - [[James Harper (footballer)|James Harper]], English footballer+
-*[[1984]] - [[Delta Goodrem]], Australian singer+
-* 1984 - [[Joel Zumaya]], American baseball player+
-* 1984 - [[Chris Wright]], co-founder of Snap Family Skateboard Company+
-* 1984 - [[Se7en (singer)|SE7EN]], South Korean singer+
-* 1984 - [[Roldán Rodríguez]], Spanish racing driver+
-*[[1986]] - [[Eleni Andriola]], Greek gymnast+
-*[[1988]] - [[Nikki Blonsky]], American actress+
-*[[1993]] - [[Maya Ritter]], Canadian actress+
-==Notes==+
-*[[Holger Meins]]+
-*[[Jacques Rigaut ]]+
-*[[Armand Rosenthal ]]+
-*[[Roger McGough ]]+
-*[[Irving Klaw ]]+
-*[[Ivan Turgenev ]]+
-*[[André François ]]+
-*[[Yves Montand ]]+
-*[[Toyen ]]+
-*[[Hedy Lamarr ]]+
-*[[Giovanni Battista Piranesi ]]+
-*[[Vicente Aranda ]]+
-*[[Dylan Thomas ]]+
-*[[Curate's egg ]]+
-*[[Mezz Mezzrow ]]+
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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