October 23  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-*[[42 BCE]] - [[Roman Republican civil wars]]: [[Battle of Philippi|Second Battle of Philippi]] - [[Marcus Junius Brutus|Brutus]]'s army is decisively defeated by [[Mark Antony]] and [[Augustus|Octavian]]. He commits suicide. 
-*[[425]] - [[Valentinian III]] is elevated as [[Roman Emperors|Roman Emperor]], at the age of 6. 
-*[[502]] - The [[Synodus Palmaris]], called by [[Goths|Gothic]] king [[Theodoric the Great]], discharges [[Pope Symmachus]] of all charges, thus ending the schism of [[Antipope Laurentius]]. 
-*[[1086]] - At the [[Battle of az-Zallaqah]], the army of [[Yusuf ibn Tashfin]] defeats the forces of [[Kingdom of Castile|Castilian]] King [[Alfonso VI of Castile|Alfonso VI]] 
-* [[1157]] - The [[Battle of Grathe Heath]] ends the civil war in [[Denmark]]. King [[Sweyn III]] is killed and [[Valdemar I of Denmark|Valdemar I]] restores the country. 
-*[[1641]] - Outbreak of the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641]] - anniversary commemorated by Irish Protestants for over 200 years 
-*[[1642]] - [[Battle of Edgehill]]: first major battle of the [[First English Civil War]]. 
-*[[1694]] - American colonial forces, led by [[Sir William Phipps]], fail to seize [[Quebec]].  
-*[[1707]] - The first [[Parliament of Great Britain]], i.e., the [[United Kingdom]], meets. 
-*[[1739]] - [[War of Jenkins' Ear]] starts: [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] Prime Minister, [[Robert Walpole]], reluctantly declares war on [[Spain]].  
-*[[1812]] - [[Claude François de Malet]], a French general, begins a conspiracy to overthrow [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon Bonaparte]], claiming that the Emperor died in [[Russia]] and that he was now the commandant of Paris. De Malet is executed on [[October 29]]. 
-*[[1813]] - The [[Pacific Fur Company]] trading post in [[Astoria, Oregon]] is turned over to the rival [[British North West Company]] (the [[fur trade]] in the [[Pacific Northwest]] was dominated for the next three decades by the [[United Kingdom]]). 
-*[[1855]] - [[Kansas Free State]] forces set up a competing government under their [[Topeka, Kansas]], constitution, which outlaws [[slavery]] in the [[United States territory]]. 
-*[[1861]] - President [[Abraham Lincoln]] suspends the writ of [[habeas corpus]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], for all military-related cases.  
-*[[1864]] - [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Westport]] - [[United States|Union]] forces under General [[Samuel R. Curtis]] defeat [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] troops led by General [[Sterling Price]] at [[Westport, Kansas City|Westport]], near [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]. 
-*[[1867]] - 72 Senators are summoned by [[Royal Proclamation]] to serve as the first members of the [[Canadian Senate]]. 
-*[[1870]] - [[Franco-Prussian War]]: the [[Siege of Metz]] concludes with a decisive [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] victory. 
-*[[1906]] - [[Alberto Santos-Dumont]] flies an airplane in the first [[heavier-than-air flight]] in Europe at [[Champs de Bagatelle]], [[Paris]], [[France]]. 
-*[[1911]] - First use of [[aircraft]] in war: an [[Italy|Italian]] pilot takes off from [[Libya]] to observe [[Turkey|Turkish]] army lines during the [[Turco-Italian War]]. 
-*[[1912]] - [[First Balkan War]]: The [[Battle of Kumanovo]] between the [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbian]] and [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] armies begins. 
-*[[1915]] - [[Woman's suffrage]]: In [[New York City]], 25,000-33,000 women march on [[Fifth Avenue]] to advocate their [[right to vote]]. 
-*[[1929]] - [[Great Depression]]: After a steady decline in [[stock market]] prices since a peak in September, the [[New York Stock Exchange]] begins to show signs of panic.  
-*1929 - The first North American transcontinental air service begins between [[New York City]] and [[Los Angeles]], California. 
-*[[1930]] - The first [[miniature golf]] tournament was completed in [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]]. 
-*[[1935]] - [[Dutch Schultz]], [[Abe Landau]], [[Otto Berman]], and [[Bernard "Lulu" Rosenkrantz]] are fatally shot at a saloon in [[Newark, New Jersey]] in what will become known as [[The Chophouse Massacre]]. 
-*[[1941]] - [[World War II]]: Field Marshal [[Georgy Zhukov]] takes command of [[Red Army]] operations designed to prevent the further advance into [[Russia]] of [[Germany|German]] forces and to prevent the [[Germany|German]] armies from capturing [[Moscow]]. 
-*1941 - Burning of the [[Odessa]], [[Ukraine]], [[Jews]]: 19,000 Jews are burned alive at [[Dalnik]] in [[Odessa]], by [[Romania|Romanian]] and [[Germany|German]] troops. The next day, another 10,000 Jews are killed. [[Romania|Romanian]] Lieutenant-Colonel [[Nicolae Deleanu]] administered the executions. 
-*[[1942]] - World War II: The [[Second Battle of El Alamein]] starts - At [[El Alamein]] in northern [[Egypt]], the British Eighth Army under Field Marshal Montgomery begin a critical offensive to expel the [[Axis Powers|Axis]] armies from Egypt, never to return. 
-*1942 - All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard an [[American Airlines]] [[DC-3]] airliner are killed when it is struck by a [[U.S. Army Air Forces]] bomber near [[Palm Springs, California]]. Among the victims is award-winning composer and songwriter [[Ralph Rainger]] ("Thanks for the Memory", "Love in Bloom", "Blue Hawaii"). 
-*[[1944]] - World War II: The [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] begins - The largest naval battle in history begins in the [[Philippines]]; and also, the Soviet [[Red Army]] enters [[Hungary]]. 
-*[[1946]] - The [[United Nations General Assembly]] convened for the first time, at an auditorium in Flushing Meadow, New York.  
-*[[1956]] - Thousands of [[Hungary|Hungarians]] protest against the Government and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] occupation. (The [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|Hungarian Revolution]] is crushed on [[November 4]]).  
-*[[1965]] - [[Vietnam War]]: The [[1st Cavalry Division (United States)]] (Airmobile), in conjunction with [[South Vietnam]]ese forces, launch a new operation, seeking to destroy [[North Vietnam]]ese forces in [[Pleku Province]] in the II Corps Tactical Zone (the Central Highlands). 
-*[[1973]] - The [[Watergate Scandal]]: US President [[Richard M. Nixon]] agrees to turn over subpoenaed audio tapes of his Oval Office conversations about the scandal.  
-*1973 - A [[United Nations]] sanctioned cease-fire officially ends the [[Yom Kippur War]] between [[Israel]] and [[Syria]].  
-*[[1983]] - [[Lebanon Civil War]]: The [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] barracks in [[Beirut]] is [[1983 Beirut barracks bombing|hit by a truck bomb]], killing 241 U.S. Marines.  
-*1983 - A [[France|French]] army barracks in Lebanon is also hit that same morning, killing 58 troops. 
-*[[1989]] - The [[Hungary|Hungarian Republic]] is officially declared by president [[Mátyás Szűrös]], replacing the communist Hungarian People's Republic. 
-*[[1992]] - Emperor [[Akihito]] becomes the first [[Emperor of Japan]] to stand on [[China|Chinese]] soil. 
-*[[1998]] - [[Israeli-Palestinian Conflict]]: [[Israel]]i Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] and [[Palestinian]] Chairman [[Yasser Arafat]] reach a "[[land for peace]]" agreement.  
-*[[2001]] - The [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] of [[Northern Ireland]] commences disarmament after peace talks.].  
-*[[2002]] - [[Moscow Theatre Siege]] begins: Chechen rebels seize the House of Culture theater in [[Moscow]] and take approximately 700 theater-goers hostage. 
-*[[2004]] - [[Brazil]]'s "Operation Cajuana" launches its first rocket into space, the VSB-30, just 14 months after its space program was hit a deadly launch pad accident. 
-* 2004 - A powerful [[2004 Chūetsu earthquake|earthquake]] and its aftershocks hit [[Niigata prefecture]], northern [[Japan]], killing 35 people, injuring 2,200, and leaving 85,000 homeless or evacuated. 
==Births== ==Births==

Revision as of 18:37, 21 October 2007

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Art and culture

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Notes

  1. Daniel Wildenstein
  2. Restif de la Bretonne
  3. Théophile Gautier
  4. Catherine Robbe-Grillet
  5. Al Jolson
  6. Christian Dior
  7. Marcel Brion
  8. Sarah Bernhardt
  9. Philip Kaufman
  10. Edward Kienholz
  11. Zane Grey
  • Bert Haanstra
  • Alexander Afanasyev
  • Adalbert Stifter

Philip Kaufman (1936 - )

Ang Lee (1954 - ) Ang Lee (born October 23, 1954) is an Academy Award-winning Taiwanese film director. Lee won the 2006 Best Director Oscar for Brokeback Mountain (2005).


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