Pharisees
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| - | :''[[female infidelity]], [[The Woman Taken in Adultery (Rembrandt)]]'' | + | In [[Judaism]], '''Pharisees''' were at various times a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among [[Jews]]. |
| - | '''''The Woman Taken in Adultery''''' is a painting of 1644 by [[Rembrandt]], bought by the [[National Gallery, London]] in 1824, as one of their foundation batch of paintings. It is in oil on oak, and 83.8 x 65.4 cm. | + | Because of the [[New Testament]]'s frequent depictions of Pharisees as [[self-righteous]] rule-followers (see also [[Woes of the Pharisees]] and [[Legalism (theology)]]), the word "pharisee" (and its derivatives: "pharisaical", etc.) has come into semi-common usage in English to describe a [[hypocritical]] and [[arrogant]] person who places the [[Letter and spirit of the law|letter of the law above its spirit]]. |
| - | + | ==See also== | |
| - | Rembrandt shows the episode of [[Jesus and the woman taken in adultery]] from the [[Gospel of Saint John]]. In this scene, a few Jews, mainly [[Scribe]]s and [[Pharisees]], tried to catch Jesus condoning disobedience to the Jewish Law, knowing that Jesus pitied wrong-doers. To do this, they produced a woman who had been caught taking part in [[adultery]]. Then, they said "Teacher, this woman has been caught in the act of adultery. Now in the law Moses commanded us to stone such. What do you say about her?". Jesus replied, "He that is without [[sin]] among you, let him first cast a [[Rock (geology)|stone]] at her" (John 8: 3-7) | + | *[[Criticism of the Talmud]] |
| - | + | *[[Tannaim]] | |
| - | [[Rembrandt]] made [[Jesus]] appear taller than the other figures and more brightly lit. In contrast, the Jews are "in the dark" and appear lower. Symbolically, Jesus's height represents his moral superiority over those who attempted to trick him. | + | *[[Woes of the Pharisees]] |
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| - | ==Forgery== | + | |
| - | It became infamous for [[Han Van Meegeren]]'s forgery of it, which was later sold to the Nazis in 1945 in return for 200 seized [[Netherlands|Dutch]] paintings. Later, during his trial, Meegeren would be accused of selling the ''real'' painting to the [[Nazi]]s, a crime punishable by death. However, Meegeren thought himself a national [[hero]] for returning the 200 paintings to the Netherlands. | + | |
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In Judaism, Pharisees were at various times a political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews.
Because of the New Testament's frequent depictions of Pharisees as self-righteous rule-followers (see also Woes of the Pharisees and Legalism (theology)), the word "pharisee" (and its derivatives: "pharisaical", etc.) has come into semi-common usage in English to describe a hypocritical and arrogant person who places the letter of the law above its spirit.
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See also
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Pharisees" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
