Phenomenology (science)  

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 +The term '''phenomenology''' in [[science]] is used to describe a body of knowledge which relates [[experiment|empirical observations]] of [[phenomenon|phenomena]] to each other, in a way which is ''consistent'' with fundamental [[theory]], but is not directly derived from theory. For example, we find the following definition in the ''Concise Dictionary of Physics'':
 +{{Quotation|'''Phenomenological Theory'''. A theory which expresses mathematically the results of observed phenomena without paying detailed attention to their fundamental significance.''
-# A [[philosophy]] based on the [[intuitive]] [[experience]] of [[phenomena]], and on the [[premise]] that [[reality]] consists of [[object]]s and [[event]]s as [[consciously]] [[perceived]] by [[conscious]] [[being]]s.+==See also==
-# A [[movement]] based on this, originated about 1905 by [[Edmund Husserl]].+*[[Empirical relationship]]
- +*[[Heterophenomenology]]
-'''Phenomenology''' has at least three main meanings in [[philosophical]] history: one in the writings of [[G.W.F. Hegel]], another in the writings of [[Edmund Husserl]] in [[1920]], and a third, deriving from Husserl's work, in the writings of his former research assistant [[Martin Heidegger]] in [[1927]]:+*[[Particle physics phenomenology]]
- +*[[Phenomenology (philosophy)]]
-*For [[G.W.F. Hegel]], phenomenology is an approach to [[philosophy]] that begins with an exploration of [[phenomena]] (what presents itself to us in conscious experience) as a means to finally grasp the absolute, logical, ontological and metaphysical Spirit that is behind phenomena. This has been called a "''dialectical phenomenology''".+*[[Phenomenology (psychology)]]
- +
-*For [[Edmund Husserl]], phenomenology is "the reflective study of the essence of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view" Phenomenology takes the intuitive experience of [[phenomena]] (what presents itself to us in phenomenological reflexion) as its starting point and tries to extract from it the essential features of experiences and the [[essence]] of what we experience. When generalized to the essential features of any possible experience, this has been called "''transcendental phenomenology''". +
- +
-*[[Martin Heidegger]] believed that Husserl's approach overlooked basic structural features of both the subject and object of experience - what he called their "being", and expanded phenomenological enquiry to encompass our understanding and experience of Being itself, thus making phenomenology the method (in the first phase of his career at least) of the study of being: [[ontology]].+
-'''Phenomenology''' may refer to:+
- +
-* [[Phenomenology (architecture)]], based on the experience of building materials and their sensory properties+
-* [[Phenomenology (archaeology)]], based upon understanding cultural landscapes from a sensory perspective+
-* [[Phenomenology (particle physics)]], the part of particle physics that deals with the application of theory to high energy experiments+
-* [[Phenomenology (philosophy)]], a philosophical method and school of philosophy founded by Edmund Husserl (1859 – 1938)+
-* [[Phenomenology (psychology)]], used in psychology to refer to subjective experiences or their study+
-* [[Phenomenology (science)]], used in science to describe a body of knowledge which relates empirical observations of phenomena to each other+
-* [[Phenomenology of management]], a book by Bronisław Bombała+
-* ''[[Phenomenology of Perception]]'', the magnum opus of French phenomenological philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty+
-* [[Phenomenology of religion]], concerning the experiential aspect of religion in terms consistent with the orientation of the worshippers+
-* ''[[The Phenomenology of Spirit]]'', a book by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel+
-* [[Existential phenomenology]], in the work of Husserl's student Martin Heidegger (1889–1976) and his followers+
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The term phenomenology in science is used to describe a body of knowledge which relates empirical observations of phenomena to each other, in a way which is consistent with fundamental theory, but is not directly derived from theory. For example, we find the following definition in the Concise Dictionary of Physics: {{Quotation|Phenomenological Theory. A theory which expresses mathematically the results of observed phenomena without paying detailed attention to their fundamental significance.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Phenomenology (science)" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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