Planned community
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:Antonio Sant'Elia.jpg|thumb|left|200px|''[[Centrale elettrica]]'' ([[1914]]) - [[Antonio Sant'Elia]]]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Trylon, Perisphere and Helicline (Samuel H. Gottscho).jpg|thumb|200px|The [[Trylon and Perisphere]], two [[Modernist architecture|modernistic structures]] at the [[1939 New York World's Fair|New York World's Fair of 1939-1940]]<br> | ||
| + | <small>Photo: [[Trylon, Perisphere and Helicline (Samuel H. Gottscho)]]</small>]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | :''Model city redirects here. For the US urban aid program of the 1960s and 1970s see [[Model Cities Program]].'' | + | A '''planned community''', or '''planned city''', is any [[community]] that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area. An example of a planned community is [[Marktown]], [[Clayton Mark]]'s planned worker community in Northwest Indiana. |
| - | + | ||
| - | A '''new town''' is a specific type of a [[planned community]], or [[planned city]], that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area. This contrasts with settlements that evolve in a more ''[[ad hoc]]'' fashion. [[Land use conflicts]] are uncommon in new towns. | + | |
| [[Saint Petersburg]] in [[Russia]] is probably the most known and important example of the new towns founded in recent centuries. | [[Saint Petersburg]] in [[Russia]] is probably the most known and important example of the new towns founded in recent centuries. | ||
| + | ===History=== | ||
| + | New settlements were planned in Europe at least since Greek antiquity (see article [[Urban planning]]). The Greeks build new colonial cities around the Mediterranean. The ancient Romans also founded many new colonial towns through their empire. There are, however, also traces of planned settlements of non-Roman origin in pre-historic northern Europe. Most planned settlements of ancient Europe were created in the period of about the 12th to 14th centuries. All kinds of landlords, from the highest to the lowest rank, tried to found new villages and towns on their estates, in order to gain economical, political or military power. The settlers generally were attracted by fiscal, economical and juridical advantages granted by the founding lord, or were forced to move from elsewhere from his estates. Most of the new towns were to remain rather small (as for instance the [[bastide]]s of southwestern France, but some of them became important cities, such as Cardiff, Leeds, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, Montauban, Bilbao, Malmö, Lübeck, Munich, Berlin, Bern, Klagenfurt, Alessandria, Warsaw and Sarajevo. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| - | * [[List of planned cities]] | + | <div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2"> |
| * [[Arcology]] | * [[Arcology]] | ||
| * [[Arcosanti]] | * [[Arcosanti]] | ||
| * ''[[Cardus]]'' and ''[[decumanus]]'' in Roman ''[[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]e'' | * ''[[Cardus]]'' and ''[[decumanus]]'' in Roman ''[[Colonia (Roman)|colonia]]e'' | ||
| + | * [[Company town]] | ||
| * [[Garden city movement]] | * [[Garden city movement]] | ||
| - | * [[Grid plan]] | ||
| * [[Housing estate]] | * [[Housing estate]] | ||
| - | * [[Model village]] | + | * [[Ideal city]] |
| - | * [[New towns in the United Kingdom]] | + | |
| - | * [[Principles of Intelligent Urbanism]] | + | |
| * [[Urban planning]] | * [[Urban planning]] | ||
| - | * [[List of urban planners|urban planners, list of]] | + | * [[List of urban planners]] |
| * [[Utopia]] | * [[Utopia]] | ||
| - | + | </div> | |
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Brasília]] | ||
| + | *[[Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans|Ideal City of Chaux]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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A planned community, or planned city, is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area. An example of a planned community is Marktown, Clayton Mark's planned worker community in Northwest Indiana.
Saint Petersburg in Russia is probably the most known and important example of the new towns founded in recent centuries.
History
New settlements were planned in Europe at least since Greek antiquity (see article Urban planning). The Greeks build new colonial cities around the Mediterranean. The ancient Romans also founded many new colonial towns through their empire. There are, however, also traces of planned settlements of non-Roman origin in pre-historic northern Europe. Most planned settlements of ancient Europe were created in the period of about the 12th to 14th centuries. All kinds of landlords, from the highest to the lowest rank, tried to found new villages and towns on their estates, in order to gain economical, political or military power. The settlers generally were attracted by fiscal, economical and juridical advantages granted by the founding lord, or were forced to move from elsewhere from his estates. Most of the new towns were to remain rather small (as for instance the bastides of southwestern France, but some of them became important cities, such as Cardiff, Leeds, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, Montauban, Bilbao, Malmö, Lübeck, Munich, Berlin, Bern, Klagenfurt, Alessandria, Warsaw and Sarajevo.
See also
See also
