Prayer to the shoulder wound of Jesus
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| - | :''[[Vision of St. Bernard]], [[Meditationes Piissimæ]], [[Inter faeces et urinam nascimur]]'' | + | This [[Roman Catholic]] prayer is variously attributed to Saint [[Bernard of Clairvaux]] or to [[St. Gertrude]] or [[St. Mechtilde]]. |
| - | '''Saint Bernard of Clairvaux''', [[Cistercian Order|O.Cist]] ([[1090]] - [[August 21]], [[1153]]) was a French abbot and the primary builder of the reforming [[Cistercian]] monastic order. After the death of his mother, Bernard sought admission into the [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] order. Three years later, he was sent to found a new house that Bernard named Claire Vallée, of Clairvaux, on the [[25 June]] [[1115]] and the names of Bernard and Clairvaux would soon become inseparable. Bernard would preach an immediate faith, in which the intercessor was the [[Virgin Mary]]. In the year 1128, Bernard assisted at the [[Council of Troyes]], at which Bernard traced the outlines of the Rule of the [[Knights Templar]] who soon became the ideal of Christian nobility. | + | |
| - | On the death of [[Pope Honorius II]], which occurred on [[14 February]] [[1130]], a schism broke out in the Church. King Louis VI convened a national council of the French bishops at [[Etampes]], and Bernard was chosen to judge between the rival popes. Bernard devoted himself with renewed vigour to the composition of the works which would win for him the title of "[[Doctor of the Church]]". In 1139, Bernard assisted at the [[Second Council of the Lateran]]. | + | In English: |
| - | Bernard denounced the teachings of [[Peter Abelard]] to the Pope who called a council at Sens in 1141 to settle the matter. Bernard soon saw one of his disciples, Bernard of Pisa, and known thereafter as [[Pope Eugenius III|Eugenius III]] elected Pope. Having previously helped end the schism within the Church, Bernard was now called upon to combat heresy. In June 1145, Bernard traveled in Southern France and his preaching there helped strengthen support against heresy. | + | :'"O Loving Jesus, Meek Lamb of God, I miserable sinner, salute and worship the most Sacred Wound of Thy Shoulder on which Thou didst bear Thy heavy Cross, which so tore Thy Flesh and laid bare Thy Bones as to inflict on Thee an anguish greater than any other wound of Thy Most Blessed Body. I adore Thee, O Jesus most sorrowful; I praise and glorify Thee and give Thee thanks for this most sacred and painful Wound, beseeching Thee by that exceeding pain and by the crushing burden of Thy heavy Cross, to be merciful to me, a sinner, to forgive me all my mortal and venial sins and to lead me on towards Heaven along the Way of Thy Cross. Amen." |
| - | Following the Christian defeat at the [[Siege of Edessa]], the Pope commissioned Bernard to preach the [[Second Crusade]]. The last years of Bernard's life were saddened by the failure of the crusaders, the entire responsibility for which was thrown upon him. Bernard died at age 63, after 40 years spent in the cloister. He was the first Cistercian monk placed on the [[calendar of saints]] and was [[canonized]] by [[Pope Alexander III]] [[18 January]] [[1174]]. [[Pope Pius VIII]] bestowed on him the title of Doctor of the Church. | + | According to St. Bernard, he asked [[Jesus]] which was His greatest unrecorded suffering and the wound that inflicted the most pain on Him in [[Calvary]] and Jesus answered: |
| - | ==Legacy== | + | |
| - | Bernard's theology and [[Mariology(RC)|Mariology]] continue to be of major importance, particularly within the Cistercian and Trappist orders. Bernard led to the foundation of 163 monasteries in different parts of Europe. At his death, they numbered 343. His influence led [[Pope Alexander III]] to launch reforms that would lead to the establishment of [[Canon law (Catholic Church)|canon law]]. He was the first Cistercian monk placed on the [[calendar of saints]] and was [[canonized]] by [[Pope Alexander III]] January 18, 1174. [[Pope Pius VIII]] bestowed on him the title of Doctor of the Church. He is fondly remembered as the ''"Mellifluous Doctor,"'' (the Honey-Sweet Doctor), for his eloquence. The Cistercians honour him as only the founders of orders are honoured, because of the widespread activity which he gave to the order. The works of Bernard are as follows: | + | |
| - | * ''"De Gradibus Superbiae,"'' his first treatise. | + | :"I had on My Shoulder, while I bore My Cross on the Way of Sorrows, a grievous Wound which was more painful than the others and which is not recorded by men. Honor this Wound with thy devotion and I will grant thee whatsoever thou dost ask through its virtue and merit and in regard to all those who shall venerate this Wound, I will remit to them all their venial sins and will no longer remember their mortal sins." |
| - | * Homilies on the Gospel ''"Missus est"'' written in 1120. | + | In the twelfth century [[Pope Eugenius III]] approved of the promises with regards to this prayer. The modern version of the prayer bears the [[imprimatur]] of Bishop Thomas D. Bevan . |
| - | * ''"Apology to William of St. Thierry"'' against the claims of the monks of Cluny. | + | ==The Prayer in Latin== |
| - | + | :''O Iesu amantissime, Agne Dei mansuetissime, ego miser peccator saluto et veneror sacratissimum vulnus, quod in humero tuo, dum gravem crucis tuae trabem portares, persensisti : ob quod singularem dolorem et cruciatum in benedicto corpore tuo sustinuisti. Adoro te, Iesu afflictissime, et ex intimo corde laudo, benedico et glorifico te gratiasque ago pro hoc sacratissimo poenosissimoque vulnere humeri tui, humiliter deprecans, ut ob nimium illum dolorem, quem illud tibi inflixit, et propter grave onus crucis tuae, quod te tam dire afflixit, miserearis mihi peccatori, peccata mea venialia et mortalia remittas meque per viam crucis tuae ad caelum deducas. Amen.'' | |
| - | * ''"On the Conversion of Clerics,"'' a book addressed to the young ecclesiastics of Paris written in 1122. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * ''"De Laude Novae Militiae,"'' addressed to [[Hugues de Payens]], first Grand Master and Prior of Jerusalem (1129). This is a eulogy of the military order instituted in 1118, and an exhortation to the knights to conduct themselves with courage in their several stations. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * ''"[[De amore Dei]]"'' wherein Bernard argues that the manner of loving God is to love without measure and gives the different degree of this love. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * ''"Book of Precepts and Dispensations"'' (1131), which contains answers to questions upon certain points of the Rule of St Benedict from which the abbot can, or cannot, dispense. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * ''"De Gratiâ et Libero Arbitrio"'' in which the Roman Catholic dogma of grace and free will was defended according to the principles of St Augustine. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * ''"De Consideratione"'' ("''On Consideration"''), addressed to Pope Eugenius III. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * ''"De Officiis Episcoporum,"'' addressed to Henry, Archbishop of Sens. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | His sermons are also numerous: | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * On Psalm 90, ''"Qui habitat,"'' written about 1125. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * ''"On the Song of Songs."'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * There are also 86 ''"Sermons for the Whole Year."'' | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | * 530 letters survive. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Many letters, treatises, and other works, falsely attributed to him survive, such as the ''l'Echelle du Cloître'', ''les Méditations'', and ''l'Edification de la Maison intérieure''. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Saint Bernard's [[Prayer to the shoulder wound of Jesus]] is often published in Catholic prayer books. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Saint Bernard's views on the Virgin Mary also influenced other saints, e.g. in the classic text on [[Roman Catholic Mariology|Mariology]], ''[[The Glories of Mary]]'', [[Saint Alphonsus Liguori]] based his analysis of Mary as the "''Gate to Heaven''" on Saint Bernard's statement: | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | <blockquote> | + | |
| - | No one can enter Heaven unless by Mary, as though through a door. | + | |
| - | </blockquote> | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | [[Dante Alighieri]]'s "[[Divine Comedy]]" places him as the last guide for Dante, as he travels through the Empyrean (''[[Paradiso]]'', cantos XXXI–XXXIII). Dante's choice appears to be based on Bernard's contemplative mysticism, his devotion to Mary, and his reputation for eloquence. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | He is also the attributed author of the poem often translated in English hymnals as [[O Sacred Head, Now Wounded]]. | + | |
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This Roman Catholic prayer is variously attributed to Saint Bernard of Clairvaux or to St. Gertrude or St. Mechtilde.
In English:
- '"O Loving Jesus, Meek Lamb of God, I miserable sinner, salute and worship the most Sacred Wound of Thy Shoulder on which Thou didst bear Thy heavy Cross, which so tore Thy Flesh and laid bare Thy Bones as to inflict on Thee an anguish greater than any other wound of Thy Most Blessed Body. I adore Thee, O Jesus most sorrowful; I praise and glorify Thee and give Thee thanks for this most sacred and painful Wound, beseeching Thee by that exceeding pain and by the crushing burden of Thy heavy Cross, to be merciful to me, a sinner, to forgive me all my mortal and venial sins and to lead me on towards Heaven along the Way of Thy Cross. Amen."
According to St. Bernard, he asked Jesus which was His greatest unrecorded suffering and the wound that inflicted the most pain on Him in Calvary and Jesus answered:
- "I had on My Shoulder, while I bore My Cross on the Way of Sorrows, a grievous Wound which was more painful than the others and which is not recorded by men. Honor this Wound with thy devotion and I will grant thee whatsoever thou dost ask through its virtue and merit and in regard to all those who shall venerate this Wound, I will remit to them all their venial sins and will no longer remember their mortal sins."
In the twelfth century Pope Eugenius III approved of the promises with regards to this prayer. The modern version of the prayer bears the imprimatur of Bishop Thomas D. Bevan .
[edit]
The Prayer in Latin
- O Iesu amantissime, Agne Dei mansuetissime, ego miser peccator saluto et veneror sacratissimum vulnus, quod in humero tuo, dum gravem crucis tuae trabem portares, persensisti : ob quod singularem dolorem et cruciatum in benedicto corpore tuo sustinuisti. Adoro te, Iesu afflictissime, et ex intimo corde laudo, benedico et glorifico te gratiasque ago pro hoc sacratissimo poenosissimoque vulnere humeri tui, humiliter deprecans, ut ob nimium illum dolorem, quem illud tibi inflixit, et propter grave onus crucis tuae, quod te tam dire afflixit, miserearis mihi peccatori, peccata mea venialia et mortalia remittas meque per viam crucis tuae ad caelum deducas. Amen.
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