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{{Template}} {{Template}}
-==Noun==+* A [[false]], [[contrive]]d or [[assumed]] [[purpose]]; a [[pretense]].
-# A [[false]], [[contrive]]d or [[assumed]] [[purpose]]; a [[pretense]].+*:''The reporter called the company on the '''pretext''' of trying to resolve a consumer complaint.''
-#:''The reporter called the company on the '''pretext''' of trying to resolve a consumer complaint.''+
-[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [May 2007]+== See also ==
-== Art as an excuse for depicting [[prurient]] interests ==+*[[Pretexts for nudity in film]]
-Before the 1850s and the birth of [[modern art]], artists needed an excuse to depict [[violence]] and [[sexuality]] in their paintings or engravings. [[Mythology]] and [[martyrology]] provided an excuse to display these themes.+*[[Art as an excuse for depicting prurient interests]]
-=== Violence ===+*[[Education as an excuse for depicting prurient interests]]
-:See also: [[aestheticization_of_violence]], [[graphic violence]]+*[[Rationale]]
- +*''[[Pretexts: Reflections on Literature and Morality]]'' by [[André Gide]]
- +{{GFDL}}
-==== The Temptation of Saint Anthony ====+
-Some of the stories included in [[The Temptation of St. Anthony|Saint Anthony]]'s biography are perpetuated now mostly in paintings, where they give an [[excuse]] for artists to depict their more [[lurid]] or [[bizarre]] [[fantastic art|fantasies]]. Many pictorial artists, from [[Félicien Rops]] and [[Hieronymus Bosch]] to [[Salvador Dalí]], have depicted these incidents from the life of Anthony; in prose, the tale was retold and embellished by [[Gustave Flaubert]].+
- +
-==== Massacre of the Innocents ====+
-The theme of the "[[Massacre of the Innocents]]" has provided artists with opportunities to compose complicated depictions of massed bodies in [[Aestheticization of violence|violent]] action. Artists of the Renaissance took inspiration for their "Massacres" from Roman reliefs of the battle of the [[Lapith]]s and [[Centaur]]s to the extent that they showed the figures heroically [[nude]]. [[Guido Reni]]'s early (1611) ''Massacre of the Innocents'', in an unusual vertical format, is at Bologna. [[Peter Paul Rubens]] painted the theme more than once.+
- +
-==== The Last Judgment ====+
-In art, the [[Last Judgment]] is a common [[theme]] in medieval and renaissance religious iconography. Like most early iconographic innovations, its origins stem from [[Byzantium]]. In Western Christianity, it is often the subject depicted on the central [[tympanum]] of medieval cathedrals and churches, or as the central section of a [[triptych]], flanked by depictions of [[heaven]] and [[hell]] to the left and right, respectively (heaven being to the viewer's left, but to the Christ figure's right). The most famous Renaissance depiction is [[Michelangelo Buonarroti]]'s in the [[Sistine Chapel]]. Included in this is his self portrait, as [[Bartholomew|St. Bartholomew]]'s [[flaying|flayed]] skin.+
- +
-==== Judith ====+
-The subject: a daring and beautiful woman [[Book of Judith|Judith]] in her full maturity, dressed as for the feast with all her spectacular jewels, accompanied by an apprehensive maid, succeeds in [[decapitation|decapitating]] the invading general, [[Holofernes]]. The moral is as much about the dangers of a beautiful woman, as had been told of [[Delilah]] and [[Samson]], but here the woman was a [[culture-hero]] to the listeners.+
- +
-==== Medusa ====+
-[[Caravaggio]]'s and [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]]'s [[Medusa]].+
- +
-==== Salome ====+
-The Biblical story of [[Salome]] has long been a favourite of [[painting|painters]], since it offers a chance to depict [[orientalism|oriental]] splendour, semi-[[nude]] women, and exotic scenery under the guise of a Biblical subject. Painters who have done notable representations of Salome include [[Titian]] and [[Gustave Moreau]].+
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-=== Nudity and eroticism ===+
-Depictions of [[The Temptation of Saint Anthony]], [[Venus (mythology)]], [[Charites|The Three Graces]]+
-==== Leda and the Swan ====+
- +
-The motif of [[Leda and the Swan]] from [[Greek mythology]], in which the [[Greek mythology|Greek god]] [[Zeus]] came to [[Leda (mythology)|Leda]] in the form of a [[swan]], was rarely seen in [[Gothic art]], but resurfaced as a classicizing theme, with erotic overtones, in Italian painting and sculpture of the 16th Century.+
- +
-==== The Three Graces ====+
-On the representation of the Graces, [[Pausanias]] wrote,+
- +
-:"Who it was who first represented the Graces naked, whether in sculpture or in painting, I could not discover. During the earlier period, certainly, sculptors and painters alike represented them draped. [...] But later artists, I do not know the reason, have changed the way of portraying them. Certainly to-day sculptors and painters represent Graces naked."+
- +
-==== The Temptation of Saint Anthony ====+
-==== Venus ====+
-[[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] became a popular subject of [[painting]] and [[sculpture]] during the [[Renaissance]] period in Europe. As a "classical" figure for whom [[nudity]] was her natural state, it was socially acceptable to depict her unclothed. As the goddess of sexual healing, a degree of erotic beauty in her presentation was justified, which had an obvious appeal to many artists and their patrons. Over time, "venus" came to refer to any artistic depiction of a nude woman, even when there was no indication that the subject was the goddess.+

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Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Pretext" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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