René Girard  

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 +'''René Noël Théophile Girard''' (25 December 1923 – 4 November 2015) was a [[French historian]], [[literary critic]], and [[Philosophy of social science|philosopher of social science]] whose work belongs to the tradition of [[anthropological philosophy]]. Girard was the author of nearly thirty books, with his writings spanning many academic domains. Although the reception of his work is different in each of these areas, there is a growing body of secondary literature on his work and his influence on disciplines such as [[literary criticism]], [[critical theory]], [[anthropology]], [[theology]], [[psychology]], [[mythology]], [[sociology]], [[economics]], [[cultural studies]], and [[philosophy]].
-'''René Girard''' (born December 25, 1923, [[Avignon]], France) is a French [[historian]], [[literary critic]], and [[philosopher]] of social science. His work belongs to the tradition of [[anthropological philosophy]]. He is the author of several books (see [[#Bibliography|below]]), in which he developed the following ideas:+Girard's fundamental ideas, which he developed throughout his career and provided the foundation for his thinking, were that desire is [[Mimesis|mimetic]] (i.e., all of our desires are borrowed from other people); that all conflict originates in [[#Mimetic desire|mimetic desire]] (mimetic rivalry); that the [[scapegoat mechanism]] is the origin of sacrifice and the foundation of human [[culture]], and religion was necessary in human evolution to control the violence that can come from mimetic rivalry; and that the Bible reveals these ideas and denounces the scapegoat mechanism.
-# [[René Girard#Mimetic desire|mimetic desire]]: imitation is an aspect of behaviour that not only affects learning but also desire, and imitated desire is a cause of conflict,+Girard was professor at [[Johns Hopkins University]] from 1957 to 1981, and subsequently at [[Stanford University]]. He was also a member of the [[Académie française]] from 2005 until his death on 4 November 2015.
-# the [[Scapegoating#The_.22scapegoat_mechanism.22_in_philosophical_anthropology|scapegoat mechanism]] is the origin of sacrifice and the foundation of human [[culture]], and religion was necessary in human evolution to control the violence that can come from mimetic rivalry,+
-# the [[Bible]] reveals the two previous ideas and denounces the scapegoat mechanism.+
- +
-René Girard's writings cover many areas. Although the reception of his work is different in each of these areas, there is a growing body of secondary literature that uses his hypotheses and ideas in the areas of [[literary criticism]], [[critical theory]], [[anthropology]], [[theology]], [[psychology]], [[mythology]], [[sociology]], [[economics]], [[cultural studies]], and [[philosophy]]. +
==See also== ==See also==
- +* [[James George Frazer]]
-*[[Group conflict#Girard|Group conflict]]+* [[Memetics]]
-*[[James George Frazer]]+* [[Simulacrum]]
-*[[American philosophy]]+
-*[[List of American philosophers]]+
- +
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Deceit, Desire and the Novel (1961)

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René Noël Théophile Girard (25 December 1923 – 4 November 2015) was a French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science whose work belongs to the tradition of anthropological philosophy. Girard was the author of nearly thirty books, with his writings spanning many academic domains. Although the reception of his work is different in each of these areas, there is a growing body of secondary literature on his work and his influence on disciplines such as literary criticism, critical theory, anthropology, theology, psychology, mythology, sociology, economics, cultural studies, and philosophy.

Girard's fundamental ideas, which he developed throughout his career and provided the foundation for his thinking, were that desire is mimetic (i.e., all of our desires are borrowed from other people); that all conflict originates in mimetic desire (mimetic rivalry); that the scapegoat mechanism is the origin of sacrifice and the foundation of human culture, and religion was necessary in human evolution to control the violence that can come from mimetic rivalry; and that the Bible reveals these ideas and denounces the scapegoat mechanism.

Girard was professor at Johns Hopkins University from 1957 to 1981, and subsequently at Stanford University. He was also a member of the Académie française from 2005 until his death on 4 November 2015.

See also




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