Sacred–profane dichotomy
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- | The '''[[dichotomy]] between the [[Sacred (comparative religion)|sacred]] and the [[profane]]''' has been identified by [[France|French]] [[sociologist]] [[Emile Durkheim]] as the central characteristic of [[religion]]: "religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to ''sacred things'', that is to say, things set apart and [[forbidden]]." | + | [[France|French]] [[Sociology|sociologist]] [[Émile Durkheim]] considered the '''[[dichotomy]] between the [[Sacred (comparative religion)|sacred]] and the [[profane]]''' to be the central characteristic of [[religion]]: "religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to ''sacred things'', that is to say, things set apart and forbidden." In Durkheim's theory, the sacred represented the interests of the group, especially unity, which were embodied in sacred group symbols, or [[totems]]. The profane, on the other hand, involved mundane individual concerns. Durkheim explicitly stated that the dichotomy sacred/profane was not equivalent to good/evil. The sacred could be good or evil, and the profane could be either as well. |
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+ | ==Criticism== | ||
+ | Durkheim's claim of the universality of this dichotomy for all religions/[[cult]]s has been criticized by scholars like British [[anthropologist]] [[Jack Goody]]. Goody also noted that "many societies have no words that translate as sacred or profane and that ultimately, just like the distinction between natural and supernatural, it was very much a product of [[European religious thought]] rather than a universally applicable criterion." | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== |
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French sociologist Émile Durkheim considered the dichotomy between the sacred and the profane to be the central characteristic of religion: "religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden." In Durkheim's theory, the sacred represented the interests of the group, especially unity, which were embodied in sacred group symbols, or totems. The profane, on the other hand, involved mundane individual concerns. Durkheim explicitly stated that the dichotomy sacred/profane was not equivalent to good/evil. The sacred could be good or evil, and the profane could be either as well.
Criticism
Durkheim's claim of the universality of this dichotomy for all religions/cults has been criticized by scholars like British anthropologist Jack Goody. Goody also noted that "many societies have no words that translate as sacred or profane and that ultimately, just like the distinction between natural and supernatural, it was very much a product of European religious thought rather than a universally applicable criterion."
See also
- Carnival and Carnivalesque
- Grotesque body
- Mircea Eliade
- Profanum
- Ritual and Ceremony
- Sacred and Profane Love (Oil painting, by Titian)
- Social control