September 9  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
 +*[[1835]] - [[French censorship]]: [[the September 1835 laws]] ban political caricature, thus [[Le Charivari]] begins publishing satires of [[everyday life]].
 +*[[1880]] - [[Louise Augustine]] escapes from the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, disguised as a man.
*[[1886]] - The [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works]] is finalized. *[[1886]] - The [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works]] is finalized.
-*[[1956]] - [[Elvis Presley]] appears on ''[[The Ed Sullivan Show]]'' for the first time.+*[[1956]] - [[Elvis Presley]] debuts on [[American television]].
-*[[1965]] - The [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development]] is established.+*[[1999]] - [[Peter Sloterdijk]] declares [[Critical Theory is dead|critical theory "dead"]].
-*[[1965]] - [[Hurricane Betsy]] makes its second landfall near [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], leaving 76 dead and $1.42 billion ($10-12 billion in 2005 dollars) in damages, becoming the first hurricane to top $1 billion in unadjusted damages.+
-*[[1966]] - The [[National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act]] signed into [[law]] by [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Lyndon Johnson]].+
-*[[1969]] - [[Allegheny Airlines Flight 853]] [[Douglas DC-9|DC-9]] collided in flight with a [[Piper Cherokee|Piper PA-28]] and crashed near [[Fairland, Indiana|Fairland]], [[Indiana]].+
-*[[1970]] - A [[United Kingdom|British]] airliner is hijacked by the [[Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine]] ([[PFLP]]) and flown to [[Dawson's Field]] in [[Jordan]].+
-*[[1971]] - [[Attica Prison riots]].+
-*[[1991]] - [[Tajikstan]] gains independence from the [[Soviet Union]].+
-*[[1993]] - The [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] officially recognizes [[Israel]] as a legitimate state.+
-*[[1994]] - [[Sachin Tendulkar]] scores his first ODI century against [[Australia]] in [[Sri Lanka]].+
-*[[2001]] - [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]], leader of the [[Afghan Northern Alliance|Northern Alliance]], is assassinated in [[Afghanistan]].+
-*[[2004]] - [[2004 Jakarta embassy bombing]]: A [[bomb]] explodes outside the [[Australia]]n [[embassy]] in [[Jakarta]], killing 10 people.+
-* 2004 - [[Serbia]]n [[Prime Minister of Serbia|Prime Minister]] [[Vojislav Koštunica]] reverses a decision by [[Minister of Education and Sport]] [[Ljiljana Čolić]] to require the teaching of both [[creationism]] and [[evolution]] in schools, and announces that Čolić will be replaced.+
- +
==Births== ==Births==
-* [[384]] - [[Honorius (emperor)|Flavius Honorius]], Roman Emperor (d. [[423]])+*[[1828]] - [[Leo Tolstoy]], Russian novelist (d. [[1910]])
-*[[1349]] - Duke [[Albert III of Austria]] (d. [[1395]])+
-*[[1427]] - [[Thomas de Ros, 10th Baron de Ros]], English politician (d. [[1464]])+
-*[[1466]] - [[Ashikaga Yoshitane]], Japanese shogun (d. [[1523]])+
-*[[1558]] - [[Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercoeur]], French soldier (d. [[1602]])+
-*[[1585]] - [[Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu]], French statesman (d. [[1642]])+
-*[[1629]] - [[Cornelis Tromp]], Dutch admiral (d. [[1691]])+
-*[[1711]] - [[Thomas Hutchinson]], American colonial governor of Massachusetts (d. [[1780]])+
-*[[1737]] - [[Luigi Galvani]], Italian physician and physicist (d. [[1798]])+
-*[[1754]] - [[William Bligh]], British naval officer (d. [[1817]])+
-*[[1755]] - [[Benjamin Bourne]], American politician (d. [[1808]])+
-*[[1828]] (N.S.) - [[Leo Tolstoy]], Russian novelist (d. [[1910]])+
-*[[1834]] - [[Joseph Henry Shorthouse]], English novelist (d. [[1903]])+
-*[[1853]] - [[Fred Spofforth]], Australian cricketer (d. [[1926]])+
-*[[1855]] - [[Anthony Francis Lucas]] Croatian-born oil exploration pioneer (d. [[1921]])+
-*[[1868]] - [[Mary Hunter Austin]], American writer (d. [[1934]])+
*[[1873]] - [[Max Reinhardt (theatre director)|Max Reinhardt]], German film director and actor (d. [[1943]]) *[[1873]] - [[Max Reinhardt (theatre director)|Max Reinhardt]], German film director and actor (d. [[1943]])
-*[[1877]] - [[Frank Chance]], American baseball player (d. [[1924]])+*[[1932]] - [[Sylvia Miles]], American actress (d. 2019)
-*[[1878]] - [[Adelaide Crapsey]], American poet (d. [[1914]])+*[[1952]] - [[Manuel Göttsching]], German musician
-*[[1887]] - [[Alf Landon]], American politician (d. [[1987]])+*[[1976]] - [[Emma de Caunes]], French film actress
-*[[1882]] - [[Clem McCarthy]], American sportscaster (d. [[1962]])+
-*[[1890]] - [[Harland Sanders]], American fast-food entrepreneur (d. [[1980]])+
-*[[1892]] - [[Tsuru Aoki]], Japanese-born American actress (d. [[1961]])+
-*[[1894]] - [[Arthur Freed]], American songwriter and film producer (d. [[1973]])+
-* 1894 - [[Bert Oldfield]], Australian cricketer (d. [[1976]])+
-*[[1898]] - [[Frankie Frisch]], American baseball player (d. [[1973]])+
-*[[1899]] - [[Waite Hoyt]], American baseball player (d. [[1984]])+
-* 1899 - [[Neil Hamilton (actor)|Neil Hamilton]], American actor (d. [[1984]])+
-*[[1900]] - [[James Hilton]], English novelist (d. [[1954]])+
-*[[1899]] - [[Bruno E. Jacob]], Founder of the [[National Forensics League]] (d. [[1979]])+
-*[[1903]] - [[Phyllis Whitney]], American writer+
-*[[1904]] - [[Feroze Khan (field hockey player)|Feroze Khan]], Pakistani field hockey player (d. [[2005]])+
-*[[1908]] - [[Cesare Pavese]], Italian poet and novelist (d. [[1950]])+
-*[[1911]] - [[John Gorton]], Australian politician (d. [[2002]])+
-* 1911 - [[Paul Goodman (writer)|Paul Goodman]], American poet and writer (d. [[1972]])+
-*[[1919]] - [[Jimmy Snyder|Jimmy "the Greek" Snyder]], American bookmaker and sports commentator (d. [[1996]])+
-* 1919 - [[Gottfried Dienst]], German football referee+
-*[[1920]] - [[Aldo Parisot]], American cellist and teacher+
-* 1920 - [[Robert Wood Johnson III]], American philanthropist (d. [[1970]])+
-* 1920 - [[Feng Kang]], Chinese mathematician (d. [[1993]])+
-*[[1922]] - [[Hans Georg Dehmelt]], German-born physicist, [[Nobel Prize]] laureate+
-* 1922 - [[Manolis Glezos]], Greek politician and writer+
-* 1922 - [[Hoyt Curtin]], American songwriter (d. [[2000]])+
-*[[1923]] - [[Daniel Carleton Gajdusek]], American virologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]+
-*[[1924]] - [[Jane Greer]], American actress (d. [[2001]])+
-* 1924 - [[Rik Van Steenbergen]], Belgian cyclist (d. [[2003]])+
-*[[1925]] - [[Cliff Robertson]], American actor+
-*[[1926]] - [[Yusuf al-Qaradawi]], prominent Egypt Muslim cleric+
-*[[1927]] - [[Elvin Jones]], American jazz drummer (d. [[2004]])+
-*[[1929]] - [[Claude Nougaro]], French singer (d. [[2004]])+
-*[[1932]] - [[Sylvia Miles]], American actress+
-*[[1935]] - [[Chaim Topol]], Israeli actor+
-*[[1939]] - [[Ron McDole]], American football player+
-* 1939 - [[Carlos Ortiz]], Puerto Rican boxer +
-*[[1941]] - [[Peter Bonetti]], English footballer+
-* 1941 - [[Otis Redding]], American singer and songwriter (d. [[1967]])+
-* 1941 - [[Dennis Ritchie]], American computer scientist+
-*[[1942]] - [[Inez and Charlie Foxx|Inez Foxx]], American R&B singer+
-*[[1943]] - [[Art LaFleur]], American actor+
-*[[1945]] - [[Dee Dee Sharp]], American R&B singer+
-*[[1946]] - [[Bruce Palmer]], Canadian musician ([[Buffalo Springfield]]) (d. [[2004]])+
-*[[1949]] - [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]], Indonesian politician+
-* 1949 - [[Garry Maddox]], American baseball player+
-* 1949 - [[Joe Theismann]], American football player and commentator+
-*[[1951]] - [[Alexander Downer]], Australian politician+
-* 1951 - [[Michael Keaton]], American actor+
-* 1951 - [[Tom Wopat]], American actor and singer+
-*[[1952]] - [[David A. Stewart]], English musician ([[Eurythmics]])+
-* 1952 - [[Angela Cartwright]], actress+
-*[[1954]] - [[Jeffrey Combs]], American actor +
-*[[1955]] - [[John Kricfalusi]], Canadian animator+
-*[[1957]] - [[Pierre-Laurent Aimard]], French pianist+
-* 1957 - [[Gabriele Tredozi]], Italian engineer+
-*[[1960]] - [[Hugh Grant]], English actor+
-* 1960 - [[Mario Batali]], American chef and restaurateur+
-*[[1960]] - [[Bob Stoops]], American football coach+
-*[[1965]] - [[Dan Majerle]], American basketball player+
-*[[1966]] - [[Georg Hackl]], German luger+
-* 1966 - [[Adam Sandler]], American actor and comedian+
-*[[1967]] - [[Anna Malle]], American porn star (d. [[2006]])+
-*[[1968]] - [[Francois Botha]], South African boxer+
-*[[1968]] - [[Jon Drummond]], American former sprinter+
-*[[1969]] - [[Rachel Hunter]], New Zealand model and actress+
-*[[1970]] - [[Natalia Streignard]], Venezuelan actress+
-*[[1971]] - [[Henry Thomas]], American actor and musician+
-*[[1972]] - [[James Farmer]], American educator and artist+
-* 1972 - [[Mike Hampton]], American baseball player+
-* 1972 - [[Natasha Kaplinsky]], British newsreader+
-* 1972 - [[Félix Rodríguez (baseball)|Félix Rodríguez]], Dominican baseball player+
-* 1972 - [[Goran Višnjić]], Croatian actor+
-*[[1973]] - [[Mark Parry]], Welsh guitarist ([[The Manvils]])+
-* 1973 - [[Kazuhisa Ishii]], Japanese baseball player +
-*[[1974]] - [[Shane Crawford]], Australian rules footballer+
-* 1974 - [[Mathias Färm]], Swedish guitarist ([[Millencolin]])+
-*[[1974]] - [[Vikram Batra]], Officer of the Indian Army+
-*[[1975]] - [[Michael Bublé]], Canadian singer and actor+
-*[[1976]] - [[Chace Ambrose]], American actor and writer+
-* 1976 - [[Kristoffer Rygg]], Norwegian musician ([[Ulver]], ex-[[Borknagar]])+
-* 1976 - [[Juan A. Baptista]], Venezuelan actor+
-* 1976 - [[Aki Riihilahti]], Finnish footballer+
-*[[1977]] - [[Chae Jung-an]], South Korean actress and singer+
-* 1977 - [[Soulja Slim]], American rapper (d. [[2003]])+
-* 1977 - [[Kyle Snyder]], American baseball player+
-*[[1978]] - [[Kurt Ainsworth]], American baseball player+
-* 1978 - [[Shane Battier]], American basketball player+
-* 1978 - [[Mariano Puerta]], Argentine tennis player+
-*[[1979]] - [[Nikki DeLoach]], American actress and singer+
-*[[1980]] - [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]], American actress+
-* 1980 - [[Todd Coffey]], American baseball player+
-*[[1982]] - [[Ai Otsuka]], Japanese singer and songwriter+
-* 1983 - [[Edwin Jackson]], German baseball player+
-* 1983 - [[Cleveland Taylor]], International footballer+
-*[[1985]] - [[J.R. Smith]], American basketball player+
-*[[1986]] - [[Justice Chibhabha]], Zimbabwean cricketer+
-*[[1987]] - [[Alexandre Song]], Cameroonian footballer+
-*[[1987]] - [[Tathagat Avatar Tulsi]], Child Prodigy in Physics+
-*[[1990]] - [[Melody Klaver]], Dutch actress+
-*[[2000]] - [[Victoria Federica de Marichalar y de Borbón]], granddaughter of king Juan Carlos I of Spain+
==Deaths== ==Deaths==
-*c.[[546]] - [[Ciarán of Clonmacnoise|St. Ciarán of Clonmacnoise]], Irish bishop+*[[1569]] - [[Pieter Brueghel the Elder]], Belgian painter and printmaker (b. c. [[1525 ]])
-* [[701]] - [[Pope Sergius I]]+
-*[[1000]] - [[Olaf I of Norway]]+
-*[[1087]] - King [[William I of England]]+
-*[[1398]] - King [[James I of Cyprus]] (b. [[1334]])+
-*[[1487]] - [[Chenghua]], Emperor of China (b. [[1447]])+
-*[[1488]] - [[Francis II, Duke of Brittany]] ([[list of horse accidents|fell from a horse]]) (b. [[1433]])+
-*[[1513]] - King [[James IV of Scotland]] (b. [[1473]])+
-*[[1569]] - [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder]], Flemish painter+
-*[[1596]] - [[Anna Jagiellon]], Polish Queen+
-*[[1612]] - [[Nakagawa Hidenari]], Japanese warlord (b. [[1570]])+
-*[[1676]] - [[Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve]], French army officer and founder of [[Montreal]] (b. [[1612]])+
-*[[1680]] - [[Henry Marten (regicide)|Henry Marten]], English regicide (b. [[1602]])+
-*[[1755]] - [[Johann Lorenz von Mosheim]], German historian (b. [[1694]])+
-*[[1806]] - [[William Paterson]], Signer of the [[U.S. Constitution]], Governor of New Jersey (b. [[1745]])+
-*[[1815]] - [[John Singleton Copley]], American painter (b. [[1738]])+
-*[[1841]] - [[A. P. de Candolle]], Swiss botanist (b. [[1778]])+
-*[[1891]] - [[Jules Grévy]], President of France (b. [[1813]])+
*[[1898]] - [[Stéphane Mallarmé]], French poet (b. [[1842]]) *[[1898]] - [[Stéphane Mallarmé]], French poet (b. [[1842]])
 +*[[1899]] - [[Brassaï]], Hungarian-born photographer and filmmaker (d. [[1984]])
*[[1901]] - [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]], French painter (b. [[1864]]) *[[1901]] - [[Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec]], French painter (b. [[1864]])
-*[[1909]] - [[Edward Henry Harriman]], American railroad entrepreneur (b. [[1848]])+*[[1947]] - [[Victor Horta]], Belgian architect and designer. (b. [[1861]])
-*[[1915]] - [[Albert Spalding]], American baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer (b. [[1850]])+
-*[[1941]] - [[Hans Spemann]], German embryologist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] (b. [[1869]])+
-*[[1960]] - [[Jussi Björling]], Swedish tenor (b. [[1911]])+
-*[[1969]] - [[Willy Mairesse]], Belgian racing driver (b. [[1928]])+
-*[[1976]] - [[Mao Zedong]], Leader of China (b. [[1893]])+
-*[[1978]] - [[Hugh MacDiarmid]], Scottish poet (b. [[1892]])+
-* 1978 - [[Jack Warner]], Canadian-born film studio founder (b. [[1892]])+
-*[[1980]] - [[John Howard Griffin]], American writer (b. [[1920]])+
*[[1981]] - [[Jacques Lacan]], French psychoanalyst (b. [[1901]]) *[[1981]] - [[Jacques Lacan]], French psychoanalyst (b. [[1901]])
-*[[1985]] - [[Paul Flory]], American chemist, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. [[1910]]) 
-*[[1990]] - [[Doc Cramer]], American baseball player (b. [[1905]]) 
-* 1990 - [[Samuel Doe]], [[President of Liberia]] (b. [[1951]]) 
-*[[1993]] - [[Helen O'Connell]], American singer (b. [[1920]]) 
-*[[1994]] - [[Patrick O'Neal]], American actor (b. [[1927]]) 
-*[[1996]] - [[Bill Monroe]], American [[bluegrass music|bluegrass]] singer and composer (b. [[1911]]) 
-*[[1997]] - [[Richie Ashburn]], American baseball player (b. [[1927]]) 
-* 1997 - [[Burgess Meredith]], American actor (b. [[1907]]) 
-*[[1999]] - [[Catfish Hunter|Jim "Catfish" Hunter]], American baseball player (b. [[1946]]) 
-* 1999 - [[Ruth Roman]], American actress (b. [[1922]]) 
-*[[2001]] - [[Ahmed Shah Massoud]], Afghani military leader (b. [[1953]]) 
-*[[2003]] - [[Larry Hovis]], American actor (b. [[1936]]) 
-* 2003 - [[Edward Teller]], Hungarian-born physicist (b. [[1908]]) 
-*[[2004]] - [[Roland Sherwood "Ernie" Ball]], American businessman (b. [[1930]]) 
-*[[2005]] - [[John Wayne Glover]], English [[serial killer]] (b. [[1932]]) 
*[[2006]] - [[Gérard Brach]], French screenwriter (b. [[1927]]) *[[2006]] - [[Gérard Brach]], French screenwriter (b. [[1927]])
-* 2006 - [[Richard Burmer]], American composer, sound designer and electronic musician (b. [[1955]]) 
-* 2006 - [[Matt Gadsby]], English [[Football (soccer)|footballer]] (b. [[1979]]) 
-* 2006 - [[William B. Ziff, Jr.]], American publishing executive (b. [[1930]]) 
-== Notes == 
-# Leo Tolstoy 
-# Max Reinhardt (theatre director) 
-# Stéphane Mallarmé 
-# Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 
-# Brassaï 
-# Sylvia Miles 
-# Pieter Brueghel the Elder 
-# Gérard Brach 
-# Manuel Göttsching 
-# Hon - en katedral 
-# Victor Horta 
-* Pieter Brueghel the Elder 
-* Emma de Caunes 
- 
- 
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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