Sound-image
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+ | [[Image:Sign and signifier as imagined by de Saussure.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Signified]] ([[concept]]) and [[signifier]] ([[sound-image]]) as imagined by [[Ferdinand de Saussure|de Saussure]]]] | ||
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+ | In ''[[Course in General Linguistics]]'', the focus of [[Ferdinand de Saussure]]'s investigation is the linguistic unit or [[sign]]. | ||
- | # An [[optical]] or other representation of a [[real]] [[object]]; a [[graphic]]; a [[picture]]. | + | The [[Sign (semiotics)|sign]] (''signe'') is described as a "double entity", made up of the [[signifier]], or [[sound image]] (''signifiant''), and the signified, or concept (''signifié''). The sound image is a psychological<!-- or mental? -->, '''not''' a material concept, belonging to the system. Both components of the [[linguistic sign]] are inseparable. One way to appreciate this is to think of them as being like either side of a piece of paper – one side simply cannot exist without the other. |
- | # A mental picture of something not real or not present. | + | |
- | # A characteristic of a person, group or company etc., style, manner of dress, how one is, or wishes to be, perceived by others. | + | |
- | + | The relationship between signifier and signified is, however, not quite that simple. Saussure is adamant that language cannot be considered a collection of names for a collection of objects (as where [[Adam (Bible)|Adam]] is said to have named the animals). According to Saussure, language is not a [[nomenclature]]. Indeed, the basic insight of Saussure's thought is that [[denotation]], the reference to objects in some [[universe of discourse]], is mediated by system-internal relations of difference. | |
- | An '''image''' (from [[Latin]] ''imago'') is an artifact, or has to do with a two-dimensional (a '''picture'''), that has a similar appearance to some [[subject (philosophy)|subject]]—usually a physical object or a [[person]]. | + | |
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- | Images may be two-[[dimension]]al, such as a [[photograph]], screen display, and as well as a three-dimensional, such as a [[statue]]. They may be ''captured'' by [[optics|optical]] devices—such as [[camera]]s, [[mirror]]s, [[Lens (optics)|lenses]], [[telescope]]s, [[microscope]]s, etc. and natural objects and phenomena, such as the human [[eye]] or water surfaces. | + | |
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- | The word ''image'' is also used in the broader sense of any two-dimensional figure such as a [[map]], a [[Graph (data structure)|graph]], a [[pie chart]], or an [[abstract art|abstract painting]]. In this wider sense, images can also be ''rendered'' manually, such as by [[drawing]], [[painting]], [[carving]], rendered automatically by [[printing]] or [[computer graphics]] technology, or [[Image development (visual arts)|developed]] by a combination of methods, especially in a [[pseudo-photograph]]. | + | |
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- | A volatile image is one that exists only for a short period of time. This may be a reflection of an object by a mirror, a [[projection]] of a [[camera obscura]], or a scene displayed on a [[cathode ray tube]]. A fixed image, also called a [[hard copy]], is one that has been recorded on a material object, such as [[paper]] or [[textile]] by [[photography]] or digital processes. | + | |
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- | A [[mental image]] exists in an individual's mind: something one remembers or imagines. The subject of an image need not be real; it may be an abstract concept, such as a [[graph theory|graph]], function, or "imaginary" entity. | + | |
- | For example, [[Sigmund Freud]] claimed to have dreamt purely in aural-images of dialogues. The development of synthetic acoustic technologies and the creation of [[sound art]] have led to a consideration of the possibilities of a [[sound-image]] made up of irreducible phonic substance beyond linguistic or musicological analysis. | + | |
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- | ==Still image== | + | |
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- | A still image is a single [[wiktionary:static|static]] image, as distinguished from a moving image (see below). This phrase is used in [[photography]], visual [[Electronic media|media]] and the [[computer industry]] to emphasize that one is not talking about movies, or in very precise or pedantic technical writing such as a [[Standardization|standard]]. | + | |
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- | A [[film still]] is a photograph taken on the set of a movie or television program during production, used for promotional purposes. | + | |
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- | ==Moving image== | + | |
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- | A ''moving image'' is typically a movie ([[film]]), or [[video]], including [[digital video]]. It could also be an animated display such as a [[zoetrope]]. | + | |
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In Course in General Linguistics, the focus of Ferdinand de Saussure's investigation is the linguistic unit or sign.
The sign (signe) is described as a "double entity", made up of the signifier, or sound image (signifiant), and the signified, or concept (signifié). The sound image is a psychological, not a material concept, belonging to the system. Both components of the linguistic sign are inseparable. One way to appreciate this is to think of them as being like either side of a piece of paper – one side simply cannot exist without the other.
The relationship between signifier and signified is, however, not quite that simple. Saussure is adamant that language cannot be considered a collection of names for a collection of objects (as where Adam is said to have named the animals). According to Saussure, language is not a nomenclature. Indeed, the basic insight of Saussure's thought is that denotation, the reference to objects in some universe of discourse, is mediated by system-internal relations of difference.