South Carolina
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| - | '''Washington Allston''' ([[November 5]], [[1779]] - [[July 9]], [[1843]]) was a [[United States|U.S.]] [[poet]] and influential [[painter]], born in Waccamaw, [[South Carolina]]. Allston pioneered America's Romantic movement of landscape painting. He was well known during his lifetime for his experiments with dramatic subject matter and his bold use of light and atmospheric color. | ||
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| - | ==Education and travel== | ||
| - | Allston graduated from [[Harvard College]] in [[1800]], then sailed to [[Europe]], where he spent the next three years studying art at the [[Royal Academy]] in [[London]], [[England]], of which the Anglo-American painter [[Benjamin West]] was then the president. | ||
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| - | From [[1803]] to [[1808]] he visited the great museums of [[Paris]] and then for several years those of [[Italy]], where he met Coleridge, his lifelong friend. [[Samuel F. B. Morse]] was one of Allston's art pupils and accompanied Allston to [[Europe]] in [[1811]]. | ||
| - | After traveling throughout western Europe, Allston finally settled in London, where he won fame and prizes for his pictures. | ||
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| - | In [[1818]] he returned to the United States and lived in [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]] for 25 years. He was the uncle of the artists [[George Whiting Flagg]] and [[Jared Bradley Flagg]], both of whom studied painting under him. | ||
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| - | ==Writings and death== | ||
| - | Allston also wrote a good deal of verse including ''The Sylphs of the Seasons'' ([[1813]]) and ''The Two Painters'', a satire. In 1841 he published ''Monaldi,'' a romance illustrating Italian life, and in 1850, a volume of his ''Lectures on Art, and Poems''. | ||
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| - | He died on [[July 9]], [[1843]], at age 64. Allston is buried in [[Harvard Square]], in "the Old Burying Ground" between the First Parish Church and Christ Church. | ||
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| - | ==Recognition== | ||
| - | Allston was sometimes called the "American [[Titian]]" because his style resembled the great [[Venice|Venetian]] [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance]] artists in their display of dramatic color contrasts. His work greatly influenced the development of U.S. landscape painting. Also, the themes of many of his paintings were drawn from literature, especially Biblical stories. | ||
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| - | His artistic genius was much admired by [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]], and [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] was strongly influenced by his paintings and poems, but so were both [[Sophia Peabody]]—who married [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]—and [[Margaret Fuller]]. | ||
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| - | Washington Allston coined the term "[[objective correlative]]," which [[T. S. Eliot]] described as a situation or a chain of events that acts as a formula and is used in art to evoke emotion. | ||
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| - | The west [[Boston, Massachusetts]] neighborhood of [[Allston]] is named after him. | ||
| + | Some of the most influential individuals in American life from South Carolina include: | ||
| + | ====Historical==== | ||
| + | * [[Rudolf Anderson, Jr.]] (1927–1962), born in [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]], U.S. Air Force major and [[Lockheed U-2|U-2]] pilot shot down during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], was awarded the first [[Air Force Cross (United States)|Air Force Cross]], posthumously. | ||
| + | * [[Mary McLeod Bethune]] (born July 10, 1875 in [[Maysville, South Carolina]], died May 18, 1955), African American educator and civil rights leader. | ||
| + | * [[James Butler Bonham]] (born February 20, 1807 in [[Saluda, South Carolina]], died March 6, 1836), 19th century American [[lawyer]] and [[soldier]], defender at the [[Alamo]]. | ||
| + | * [[James Brown]] (born May 4, 1933 in [[Barnwell, South Carolina|Barnwell]], died December 25, 2006), "Godfather of Soul", legendary singer and member of the [[Rock & Roll Hall of Fame]]. | ||
| + | * [[David du Bose Gaillard]], (1859–1913) U.S. Army engineer instrumental in the construction of the [[Panama Canal]], born in [[Manning, South Carolina|Manning]]. | ||
| + | * [[Althea Gibson]] (1927–2003), first black female player to win the [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon]] singles [[tennis]] title, born in [[Silver, South Carolina|Silver]]. | ||
| + | * [[Dizzy Gillespie]] (1917–1993), John Birks 'Dizzy' Gillespie, considered by some to be the greatest [[jazz]] [[trumpet]]er of all time, was born in [[Cheraw, South Carolina|Cheraw]]. | ||
| + | * [[Thomas Heyward, Jr.]] (1746–1809) Signer of the Declaration of Independence, born In St. Luke's Parish. | ||
| + | * [[Andrew Jackson]] (1767–1845), President of the United States, born near [[Lancaster, South Carolina|Lancaster]] but emigrated to [[Tennessee]] as an adult. He was the hero of the [[Battle of New Orleans]] and 7th President, from [[1829]] to [[1837]]. | ||
| + | * [['Shoeless' Joe Jackson]] (1887–1951), considered one of the most outstanding hitters in the history of [[baseball]], his career .356 [[batting average]] is the third highest in history, after [[Ty Cobb]] and [[Rogers Hornsby]]; born in [[Greenville, South Carolina|Brandon Mills]]. | ||
| + | * [[Eartha Kitt]] (1927–2008), from [[North, South Carolina]], American [[actor|actress]], singer, and [[cabaret]] star. She was perhaps best known for her role as [[Catwoman]] in the 1960s TV series ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]''. | ||
| + | * [[Thomas Lynch, Jr.]] (born August 4, 1749 in South Carolina, died 1779) Signer of the Declaration of Independence. | ||
| + | * [[Barton MacLane]] (1902–1969) born in Columbia, SC. Actor in ''[[The Maltese Falcon (1941 film)|The Maltese Falcon]]'' and ''[[The Treasure of the Sierra Madre]]''. | ||
| + | * [[Arthur Middleton]] (1742–1787) born in Charleston, signer of the [[Declaration of Independence]], later Governor (1810–1812), Representative (1815–1819) and Minister to Russia (1820–1830). | ||
| + | * [[Bill Pinkney]] (1925–2007) born in [[Dalzell, South Carolina|Dalzell]], was a pitcher in the Negro League, served in World War II, but remembered most for singing role in ''[[The Drifters]]'', influencing many artists in blues and soul music. | ||
| + | * [[Melvin Purvis]] (1903–1960), born in [[Timmonsville, South Carolina|Timmonsville]], FBI agent responsible for ending the criminal careers of [[Baby Face Nelson]], [[Pretty Boy Floyd]], and [[John Dillinger]]; died in [[Florence, South Carolina]]. | ||
| + | * [[Edward Rutledge]] (1749–1800), youngest signer of the Declaration of Independence, later governor of South Carolina. | ||
| + | * [[William Barret Travis]] (1809–1836), born in [[Saluda County, South Carolina|Saluda County]], lawyer and soldier, at age 26 a [[Lieutenant colonel (United States)|lieutenant colonel]] in the [[Texian Army]], defender at the [[Battle of the Alamo]]. | ||
| + | * [[John Steadman (actor)]] (1909–1993), born in [[Lexington, South Carolina]], radio personality and actor. "Pop" in ''[[The Longest Yard (1974 film)|The Longest Yard]]''. | ||
| + | * [[William C. Westmoreland]], (March 26, 1914–July 18, 2005) born in [[Spartanburg County]], commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War at its peak from 1964 to 1968 and served as U.S. Army Chief of Staff from 1968 to 1972. | ||
| + | ====Living==== | ||
| + | * [[Aziz Ansari]] (born February 23, 1983) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known as one of the stars of the critically acclaimed sketch comedy series Human Giant on MTV, for which he is also a writer and executive producer. Ansari now appears in a new NBC series, Parks and Recreation, from producers of The Office. Ansari was born in Columbia, South Carolina, to [[India]]n [[Tamil people|Tamil]] parents. | ||
| + | * [[Ben Bernanke]] (1953- ), the current chairman of the US Federal Reserve, grew up in {{city-state|Dillon|South Carolina}}. | ||
| + | * [[Chubby Checker]], singer, born '''Ernest Evans''' in [[Spring Gulley, South Carolina|Spring Gulley]], on October 3, 1941. | ||
| + | * [[Stephen Colbert]], host of ''[[The Colbert Report]]'' on Comedy Central since 2005; previously correspondent for Comedy Central's ''[[The Daily Show]]''. A native of Charleston, he attended Porter Gaud School. Colbert also ran as a [[favorite son]] candidate for the 2008 presidential election in his native South Carolina. | ||
| + | * [[Danny!]], recording artist for [[Definitive Jux]] Records, grew up in Columbia and graduated [[Richland Northeast High School]] in 2001. | ||
| + | * [[John Edwards]], former N.C. Senator & 2004 Democratic Vice Presidential candidate, born in [[Seneca, South Carolina|Seneca]] in 1953. | ||
| + | * [[Joe Frazier]], 1964 Olympic heavyweight champion and the world heavyweight champ 1970-73; fought [[Muhammad Ali]] for the heavyweight title three times. He is most remembered for the fight at [[Madison Square Garden]] in March 1971, where he defeated Ali to become the undisputed heavyweight champ. Frazier was born in [[Beaufort, South Carolina|Beaufort]] on January 12, 1944. | ||
| + | * [[Brett Gardner]], a Major League Baseball player for the New York Yankees, from Holly Hill, South Carolina. | ||
| + | * [[Josh Turner]], is an American country music singer and songwriter born on November 20, 1977 who is from [[Hannah, South Carolina]]. He has a quite a few #1 singles. | ||
| + | * [[Jesse Jackson]], famous political and social figure, originally from [[Greenville, South Carolina]], born on October 8, 1941. | ||
| + | * [[Jasper Johns]], considered one of the greatest post-[[World War II]] American artists, was raised in [[Allendale, South Carolina|Allendale]] and attended the [[University of South Carolina]] before moving to New York City. | ||
| + | * [[Andie MacDowell]] (born April 21, 1958) is an American model and actress, from [[Gaffney, South Carolina|Gaffney]], winner of two [[Golden Globe Awards]]. | ||
| + | * [[Kary Mullis]] (1944-), 1993 Nobel laureate in Chemistry, grew up [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] and graduated from high school there. | ||
| + | * [[Will Patton]] (1954-) born in Charleston, SC. Actor | ||
| + | * [[Robert Remus]] (born August 27, 1948) professional wrestler (aka, Sgt.Slaughter) | ||
| + | * [[Darius Rucker]], born in Charleston, SC, frontman for popular rock band Hootie and the Blowfish. He is now a country music act with several No. 1 singles. | ||
| + | * [[Jim Rice]], baseball Hall of Famer, hails from Anderson. | ||
| + | * [[Shawnee Smith]], actress and musician. Well known for her roles as Amanda Young in [[Saw (film series)|Saw I-VI]] and Linda in the TV series ''[[Becker (TV series)|Becker]]''. Also the other half of the country-rock band [[Smith & Pyle]] alongside fellow actress [[Missi Pyle]]. Born in Orangeburg, SC on July 3, 1970. | ||
| + | * [[Chad Wolf]], lead singer and songwriter of popular American-Swedish band [[Carolina Liar]] | ||
| + | * [[Thomas Gibson]], actor, Dharma and Greg (Golden Globe Nominee), Viva Rock Vegas, Chicago Hope, Criminal Minds, born July 3, 1962, in Charleston, South Carolina. | ||
| + | * [[Kimberly Clarice Aiken]], Miss America 1994 and Miss South Carolina 1993 is from Columbia, SC and graduated High School there as well. | ||
| + | <!-- ****** See notes at beginning of section ****** --> | ||
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Some of the most influential individuals in American life from South Carolina include:
[edit]
Historical
- Rudolf Anderson, Jr. (1927–1962), born in Greenville, U.S. Air Force major and U-2 pilot shot down during the Cuban Missile Crisis, was awarded the first Air Force Cross, posthumously.
- Mary McLeod Bethune (born July 10, 1875 in Maysville, South Carolina, died May 18, 1955), African American educator and civil rights leader.
- James Butler Bonham (born February 20, 1807 in Saluda, South Carolina, died March 6, 1836), 19th century American lawyer and soldier, defender at the Alamo.
- James Brown (born May 4, 1933 in Barnwell, died December 25, 2006), "Godfather of Soul", legendary singer and member of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
- David du Bose Gaillard, (1859–1913) U.S. Army engineer instrumental in the construction of the Panama Canal, born in Manning.
- Althea Gibson (1927–2003), first black female player to win the Wimbledon singles tennis title, born in Silver.
- Dizzy Gillespie (1917–1993), John Birks 'Dizzy' Gillespie, considered by some to be the greatest jazz trumpeter of all time, was born in Cheraw.
- Thomas Heyward, Jr. (1746–1809) Signer of the Declaration of Independence, born In St. Luke's Parish.
- Andrew Jackson (1767–1845), President of the United States, born near Lancaster but emigrated to Tennessee as an adult. He was the hero of the Battle of New Orleans and 7th President, from 1829 to 1837.
- 'Shoeless' Joe Jackson (1887–1951), considered one of the most outstanding hitters in the history of baseball, his career .356 batting average is the third highest in history, after Ty Cobb and Rogers Hornsby; born in Brandon Mills.
- Eartha Kitt (1927–2008), from North, South Carolina, American actress, singer, and cabaret star. She was perhaps best known for her role as Catwoman in the 1960s TV series Batman.
- Thomas Lynch, Jr. (born August 4, 1749 in South Carolina, died 1779) Signer of the Declaration of Independence.
- Barton MacLane (1902–1969) born in Columbia, SC. Actor in The Maltese Falcon and The Treasure of the Sierra Madre.
- Arthur Middleton (1742–1787) born in Charleston, signer of the Declaration of Independence, later Governor (1810–1812), Representative (1815–1819) and Minister to Russia (1820–1830).
- Bill Pinkney (1925–2007) born in Dalzell, was a pitcher in the Negro League, served in World War II, but remembered most for singing role in The Drifters, influencing many artists in blues and soul music.
- Melvin Purvis (1903–1960), born in Timmonsville, FBI agent responsible for ending the criminal careers of Baby Face Nelson, Pretty Boy Floyd, and John Dillinger; died in Florence, South Carolina.
- Edward Rutledge (1749–1800), youngest signer of the Declaration of Independence, later governor of South Carolina.
- William Barret Travis (1809–1836), born in Saluda County, lawyer and soldier, at age 26 a lieutenant colonel in the Texian Army, defender at the Battle of the Alamo.
- John Steadman (actor) (1909–1993), born in Lexington, South Carolina, radio personality and actor. "Pop" in The Longest Yard.
- William C. Westmoreland, (March 26, 1914–July 18, 2005) born in Spartanburg County, commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War at its peak from 1964 to 1968 and served as U.S. Army Chief of Staff from 1968 to 1972.
[edit]
Living
- Aziz Ansari (born February 23, 1983) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known as one of the stars of the critically acclaimed sketch comedy series Human Giant on MTV, for which he is also a writer and executive producer. Ansari now appears in a new NBC series, Parks and Recreation, from producers of The Office. Ansari was born in Columbia, South Carolina, to Indian Tamil parents.
- Ben Bernanke (1953- ), the current chairman of the US Federal Reserve, grew up in Template:City-state.
- Chubby Checker, singer, born Ernest Evans in Spring Gulley, on October 3, 1941.
- Stephen Colbert, host of The Colbert Report on Comedy Central since 2005; previously correspondent for Comedy Central's The Daily Show. A native of Charleston, he attended Porter Gaud School. Colbert also ran as a favorite son candidate for the 2008 presidential election in his native South Carolina.
- Danny!, recording artist for Definitive Jux Records, grew up in Columbia and graduated Richland Northeast High School in 2001.
- John Edwards, former N.C. Senator & 2004 Democratic Vice Presidential candidate, born in Seneca in 1953.
- Joe Frazier, 1964 Olympic heavyweight champion and the world heavyweight champ 1970-73; fought Muhammad Ali for the heavyweight title three times. He is most remembered for the fight at Madison Square Garden in March 1971, where he defeated Ali to become the undisputed heavyweight champ. Frazier was born in Beaufort on January 12, 1944.
- Brett Gardner, a Major League Baseball player for the New York Yankees, from Holly Hill, South Carolina.
- Josh Turner, is an American country music singer and songwriter born on November 20, 1977 who is from Hannah, South Carolina. He has a quite a few #1 singles.
- Jesse Jackson, famous political and social figure, originally from Greenville, South Carolina, born on October 8, 1941.
- Jasper Johns, considered one of the greatest post-World War II American artists, was raised in Allendale and attended the University of South Carolina before moving to New York City.
- Andie MacDowell (born April 21, 1958) is an American model and actress, from Gaffney, winner of two Golden Globe Awards.
- Kary Mullis (1944-), 1993 Nobel laureate in Chemistry, grew up Columbia and graduated from high school there.
- Will Patton (1954-) born in Charleston, SC. Actor
- Robert Remus (born August 27, 1948) professional wrestler (aka, Sgt.Slaughter)
- Darius Rucker, born in Charleston, SC, frontman for popular rock band Hootie and the Blowfish. He is now a country music act with several No. 1 singles.
- Jim Rice, baseball Hall of Famer, hails from Anderson.
- Shawnee Smith, actress and musician. Well known for her roles as Amanda Young in Saw I-VI and Linda in the TV series Becker. Also the other half of the country-rock band Smith & Pyle alongside fellow actress Missi Pyle. Born in Orangeburg, SC on July 3, 1970.
- Chad Wolf, lead singer and songwriter of popular American-Swedish band Carolina Liar
- Thomas Gibson, actor, Dharma and Greg (Golden Globe Nominee), Viva Rock Vegas, Chicago Hope, Criminal Minds, born July 3, 1962, in Charleston, South Carolina.
- Kimberly Clarice Aiken, Miss America 1994 and Miss South Carolina 1993 is from Columbia, SC and graduated High School there as well.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "South Carolina" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
