State of affairs (philosophy)  

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-In [[philosophy]], a '''state of affairs''' ({{lang-de|Sachverhalt}}), also known as a '''situation''', is a way the [[actual world]] must be in order to make some given ''proposition'' about the actual world true; in other words, a state of affairs (situation) is a ''truth-maker'', whereas a [[proposition]] is a ''truth-bearer''. Whereas states of affairs (situations) either ''obtain'' or ''fail-to-obtain'', propositions are either ''true'' or ''false''.+In [[philosophy]], a '''state of affairs''' (Sachverhalt), also known as a '''situation''', is a way the [[actual world]] must be in order to make some given ''proposition'' about the actual world true; in other words, a state of affairs (situation) is a ''truth-maker'', whereas a [[proposition]] is a ''truth-bearer''. Whereas states of affairs (situations) either ''obtain'' or ''fail-to-obtain'', propositions are either ''true'' or ''false''.
==Overview== ==Overview==
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* [[Adolf Reinach]] * [[Adolf Reinach]]
* [[Carl Stumpf]] * [[Carl Stumpf]]
 +* [[Situation theory]]
* ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]]'' * ''[[Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus]]''
 +* [[Vacuous truth]]
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In philosophy, a state of affairs (Sachverhalt), also known as a situation, is a way the actual world must be in order to make some given proposition about the actual world true; in other words, a state of affairs (situation) is a truth-maker, whereas a proposition is a truth-bearer. Whereas states of affairs (situations) either obtain or fail-to-obtain, propositions are either true or false.

Overview

In a sense of "state of affairs" favored by Ernest Sosa, states of affairs are situational conditions. In fact, in the Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Sosa defines a condition to be a state of affairs, "way things are" or situation—most commonly referred to by a nominalization of a sentence. The expression "Snow's being white", which refers to the condition snow's being white, is a nominalization of the sentence "Snow is white". "The truth of the proposition that snow is white" is a nominalization of the sentence "the proposition that snow is white is true". Snow's being white is a necessary and sufficient condition for the truth of the proposition that snow is white. Conditions in this sense may be called situational.

Usually, necessity and sufficiency relate conditions of the same kind. Being an animal is a necessary attributive condition for being a dog. Fido's being an animal is a necessary situational condition for Fido's being a dog.

See also




Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "State of affairs (philosophy)" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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