Surrealism  

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-[[Image:Un autre monde by Grandville.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Surrealism [[avant la lettre]] from ''[[Un autre monde]]'' ([[1844]]) by [[Grandville]]]]+{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +''[[What is Surrealism?]]'', a [[1934]] lecture by [[André Breton]].
 +|}
 +[[Image:Un autre monde by Grandville.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Interplanetary Bridge]], [[Surrealism avant la lettre]] from ''[[Un autre monde]]'' ([[1844]]) by [[Grandville]]]]
[[Image:Véritable portrait de Monsieur Ubu, par Alfred Jarry (1896).png|thumb|right|200px|'''''Ubu Roi''''' (King Ubu) is a [[play]] developed by [[Alfred Jarry]] premiered on [[December 10]] [[1896]], and is widely acknowledged as a theatrical [[precursor]] to the [[Theatre of the Absurd|Absurdist]], [[Dada]] and [[Surrealism|Surrealist]] art movements.]] [[Image:Véritable portrait de Monsieur Ubu, par Alfred Jarry (1896).png|thumb|right|200px|'''''Ubu Roi''''' (King Ubu) is a [[play]] developed by [[Alfred Jarry]] premiered on [[December 10]] [[1896]], and is widely acknowledged as a theatrical [[precursor]] to the [[Theatre of the Absurd|Absurdist]], [[Dada]] and [[Surrealism|Surrealist]] art movements.]]
-[[Image:Bracelli.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|thumb|Surrealism [[avant la lettre]] from the ''[[Bizzarie di varie figure]]'' ([[1624]]) by [[Giovanni Battista Braccelli]]]]+[[Image:Bracelli.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|thumb|[[Surrealism avant la lettre]] from the ''[[Bizzarie di varie figure]]'' ([[1624]]) by [[Giovanni Battista Braccelli]]]]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-'''Surrealism''' was a [[20th century art]] and [[cultural movement]] that began in the mid-[[1920s]] in [[Europe]], and is best known for the [[visual art]]works and [[writing]]s of the group members. The works feature the element of [[surprise]], [[unexpected]] [[juxtaposition]]s and [[Non sequitur (absurdism)|non sequitur]], however many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost with the works being an [[artefact]], and leader [[André Breton]] was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was above all a [[revolution]]ary movement. From the [[Dada]] activities of [[World War I]] Surrealism was formed with the most important center of the movement in [[Paris]] and from the [[1920s]] spreading around the globe. +'''Surrealism''' was a [[20th century art]] and [[cultural movement]] that began in the mid-[[1920s]] in [[Europe]], and is best known for the [[visual art]]works and [[writing]]s of the group members. The works feature the element of [[surprise]], [[unexpected]] [[juxtaposition]]s and [[Non sequitur (absurdism)|non sequitur]], however many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost with the works being an [[artefact]], and leader [[André Breton]] was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was above all a [[revolution]]ary movement. From the [[Dada]] activities of [[World War I]] Surrealism was formed with the most important center of the movement in [[Paris]] and from the [[1920s]] spreading around the globe, impacting many other fields.
 + 
== Origin of the term == == Origin of the term ==
-In May [[1917]], [[Guillaume Apollinaire]] coined the term "Surrealism" in the program notes describing the ballet ''[[Parade]]'' which was a collaborative work by [[Jean Cocteau]], [[Erik Satie]], [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Léonide Massine]]: +In May [[1917]], [[Guillaume Apollinaire]] coined the term "Surrealism" in the program notes describing the ballet ''[[Parade (ballet)|Parade]]'' which was a collaborative work by [[Jean Cocteau]], [[Erik Satie]], [[Pablo Picasso]] and [[Léonide Massine]]:
:"From this new alliance, for until now stage sets and costumes on one side and choreography on the other had only a sham bond between them, there has come about, in ''Parade'', a kind of super-realism ('sur-réalisme'), in which I see the starting point of a series of manifestations of this new spirit ('esprit nouveau')." :"From this new alliance, for until now stage sets and costumes on one side and choreography on the other had only a sham bond between them, there has come about, in ''Parade'', a kind of super-realism ('sur-réalisme'), in which I see the starting point of a series of manifestations of this new spirit ('esprit nouveau')."
== Bataillean vs Bretonian Surrealism == == Bataillean vs Bretonian Surrealism ==
-Breton was obviously the driving force behind surrealism, and he ran the movement in a dicatorial style, even expelling several of its members. Several of these ex-members started adhering to Georges Bataille's subversive "[[Bataillean]]" surrealism and the latter's journal ''[[Documents (journal)|Documents]]''.+:''[[Bretonian and Bataillean strains of Surrealism]]''
- +Breton was obviously the driving force behind surrealism, and he ran the movement in a dictatorial style, even expelling several of its members. Several of these ex-members started adhering to [[Georges Bataille]]'s subversive "[[Bataillean]]" surrealism and the latter's journal ''[[Documents (journal)|Documents]]''.
-===Surrealism and comedy===+
-Some branches of comedy (chiefly [[United Kingdom|British]], and also [[Japan]]ese) are known for being very surreal. Perhaps the most famous example of Surrealist comedy can be seen in the late 1960s-early 1970s British sketch show [[Monty Python]]. Also influential as an earlier example of [[United Kingdom|British]] [[satire]] was ''[[Beyond the Fringe]]'' a British comedy stage revue written and performed in [[London]] from 1960 through 1966, and in [[New York]] from 1962 through 1964, by [[Peter Cook]], [[Dudley Moore]], [[Alan Bennett]] and [[Jonathan Miller]]. The original cast was replaced in [[London]] after 1964. +
- +
-During the mid-1990s the American television program [[Mr. Show]] on [[HBO]] and [[Comedy Central]] has been described as surreal and its main performers have acknowledged being highly influenced by Monty Python on Mr. Show's DVD commentaries.+
- +
- +
== See also == == See also ==
-*[[Surrealism and comedy]]+* [[Freud's influence on Surrealism]]
 +*[[Surrealism avant la lettre]]
 +*[[Faultlines in 20th century art ]]
 +*[[Surrealist Manifesto]]
*[[Impact of Surrealism]] *[[Impact of Surrealism]]
-*[[Surrealism and theatre]]+*[[Criticism of Surrealism]]
-*[[Sade's influence on Surrealism in the twentieth century]]+
*[[Timeline of surrealism and dada]] *[[Timeline of surrealism and dada]]
-*[[Surrealism and international politics]] 
-*[[Belgian surrealism]] 
*[[International Surrealist Exhibition]] *[[International Surrealist Exhibition]]
*[[Surrealist groups]] *[[Surrealist groups]]
 +*[[Proto-Surrealism]]
 +===By field===
 +*[[Surrealism and comedy]]
 +*[[Surrealism and theatre]]
 +*[[Sade's influence on Surrealism]]
 +*[[Freud's influence on Surrealism]]
 +*[[Surrealism and international politics]]
*[[Surrealism and film]] *[[Surrealism and film]]
*[[Surrealism (music)]] *[[Surrealism (music)]]
*[[Surrealism in literature]] *[[Surrealism in literature]]
*[[Surrealist photography]] *[[Surrealist photography]]
-*[[Surrealist Manifesto]]+===By region===
 + 
 +===Surrealist groups===
 + 
 +==== Europe ====
 +*[[Czech surrealism]]
 +*[[French surrealism]]
 +*[[Polish surrealism]]
 +*[[Belgian Surrealists]]
 +*[[British Surrealist Group]]
 +**[[Birmingham Surrealists]]
 +***[[Glass Veal Group]]
 +*[[Spanish surrealism]]
 +**[[Dau-al-Set]]
 +*[[Swedish surrealism]]
 +**[[Halmstad]] Group
 +**[[The Surrealist Group in Stockholm]]
 + 
 +==== The Americas ====
 +*[[The Surrealist Movement in the United States]]
 +**[[Chicago Surrealist Group]]
 +*[[Caribbean Surrealism]]
 +*[[Black Surrealism]]
 +*[[Canadian Surrealism]]
 +**[[Les Automatistes]]
 +**[[Refus Global]]
 + 
 +===Literature===
*''[[The Waking Dream]]'', surrealism avant la lettre in masterprints *''[[The Waking Dream]]'', surrealism avant la lettre in masterprints
*''[[Sade / Surreal]]'' *''[[Sade / Surreal]]''

Revision as of 10:38, 24 March 2015

What is Surrealism?, a 1934 lecture by André Breton.

Ubu Roi (King Ubu) is a play developed by Alfred Jarry premiered on December 10 1896, and is widely acknowledged as a theatrical precursor to the Absurdist, Dada and Surrealist art movements.
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Ubu Roi (King Ubu) is a play developed by Alfred Jarry premiered on December 10 1896, and is widely acknowledged as a theatrical precursor to the Absurdist, Dada and Surrealist art movements.

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Surrealism was a 20th century art and cultural movement that began in the mid-1920s in Europe, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members. The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur, however many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost with the works being an artefact, and leader André Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was above all a revolutionary movement. From the Dada activities of World War I Surrealism was formed with the most important center of the movement in Paris and from the 1920s spreading around the globe, impacting many other fields.

Contents

Origin of the term

In May 1917, Guillaume Apollinaire coined the term "Surrealism" in the program notes describing the ballet Parade which was a collaborative work by Jean Cocteau, Erik Satie, Pablo Picasso and Léonide Massine:

"From this new alliance, for until now stage sets and costumes on one side and choreography on the other had only a sham bond between them, there has come about, in Parade, a kind of super-realism ('sur-réalisme'), in which I see the starting point of a series of manifestations of this new spirit ('esprit nouveau')."

Bataillean vs Bretonian Surrealism

Bretonian and Bataillean strains of Surrealism

Breton was obviously the driving force behind surrealism, and he ran the movement in a dictatorial style, even expelling several of its members. Several of these ex-members started adhering to Georges Bataille's subversive "Bataillean" surrealism and the latter's journal Documents.

See also

By field

By region

Surrealist groups

Europe

The Americas

Literature




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