The Antiquities of Athens
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| + | "[[Athens]] is peerless among the existing [[monument]]s of the [[ancient civilised world]]. The [[ruins]] of [[Rome]] may be more gorgeous ; of [[Babylon]], more mysterious ; of [[Persepolis]], more romantic ; of the Egyptian [[Thebes]], more vast; but in all that is interesting to thought and feeling - in memories and associations, deep, affecting, sublime, Athens transcends them all." --''[[The Antiquities of Athens]]'' | ||
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| + | '''''The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece'''''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Antiquities_of_Athens_measured_and_delineated] (1762-1816) is a series of books by Scottish archaeologist [[James Stuart (1713–1788)|James Stuart]] and British architect [[Nicholas Revett]], documenting the [[ruins]] of [[ancient Athens]]. Its illustrations compose 5 folio volumes and include 368 etched and engraved plates, plans and maps drawn at scale. They were the first of their kind in studies of ancient Greece. William Hogarth satirised its fastidious depiction of architectural detail in his 1761 engraving ''[[Five Orders of Periwigs]]'' | ||
| - | The '''Morea expedition''' ({{lang-fr|link=no|Expédition de Morée}}) is the name given in France to the land intervention of the [[French Army]] in the [[Peloponnese]] (at the time often still known by its medieval name, [[Morea]]) between 1828 and 1833, at the time of the [[Greek War of Independence]]. | + | ==Background== |
| + | Stuart and Revett's project was intended to consist of four volumes, although a supplementary volume also appeared. The illustrations include 368 etched and engraved plates, plans and maps drawn at scale. | ||
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| + | Although their French rival [[Julien-David Le Roy]] published his book about ancient Greek monuments ''[[Ruins of the Most Beautiful Monuments of Greece]]'' before ''The Antiquities of Athens'', the accuracy of Revett and Stuart's work gives their survey a claim to be the first of its kind in studies of ancient Greece; for example, Revett and Stuart were the first Europeans to describe the existence of ancient Greek [[polychromy]]. | ||
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| + | The first volume, in which the authors are described as "painters and architects", appeared in 1762/3. Revett gave up his interest in the project after the first volume, but Stuart continued to be involved until his death in 1788. | ||
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| + | The fourth volume appeared in 1816, the year the [[Elgin Marbles]] were acquired by the British government. | ||
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| + | There were more than five hundred subscribers to its first volume and, although few of the subscribers were architects or builders, thus limiting its impact as a design sourcebook, it later helped fuel the [[Greek Revival]] in European architecture. Its illustrations were among the first of their kind and the work was welcomed by antiquaries, scholars, and gentleman amateurs. [[William Hogarth]] satirised its fastidious depiction of architectural detail in his 1761 engraving ''[[Five Orders of Periwigs]]''. | ||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Philhellenism]] | ||
| + | *[[Goût grec]] | ||
| + | *[[Greek Revival architecture]] | ||
| + | *[[Adam style]] | ||
| + | *[[William Pars]] – ''[[The Parthenon when it contained a mosque]]'' (Published in [[James Stuart (1713-1788)|James Stuart]] and [[Nicholas Revett]], ''The Antiquities of Athens'', London, 1789) | ||
| - | After the [[Siege of Messolonghi (1825)|fall of Messolonghi]], Western Europe decided to intervene in favour of revolutionary Greece. Their attitude toward the [[Ottoman Empire]]'s [[Egypt under Muhammad Ali and his successors|Egypt]]ian ally, [[Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt|Ibrahim Pasha]], was especially critical; their primary objective was to elicit the evacuation of the occupied regions, the Peloponnese in particular. The intervention began when a [[Bourbon Restoration|Franco]]-[[Russian Empire|Russo]]-[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] fleet was sent to the region, winning the [[Battle of Navarino]] in October 1827. In August 1828, a French expeditionary corps disembarked at [[Koroni]] in the southern Peloponnese. The soldiers were stationed on the peninsula until the evacuation of Egyptian troops in October, then taking control of the principal strongholds still held by Turkish troops. Although the bulk of the troops returned to France from the end of 1828, there was a French presence in the area until 1833. | ||
| - | As during [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon's]] [[French campaign in Egypt and Syria|Egyptian Campaign]], when a [[Egyptian Institute of Sciences and Arts|Commission of Sciences and Arts]] had accompanied the military campaign, a ''Morea scientific expedition'' (''Expédition scientifique de Morée.'') accompanied the troops. Seventeen learned men representing different specialties (natural history and antiquities – archaeology, architecture and sculpture) made the voyage. Their work was of major importance in increasing knowledge about the country. As an example, the topographic maps they produced were excellent. More significantly, the measurements, drawings, profiles, plans and proposals for the theoretical restoration of Peloponnesian monuments, of [[Attica]] and of the [[Cyclades]] were, following [[James Stuart (1713-1788)|James Stuart]] and [[Nicholas Revett]]'s ''[[Antiquities of Athens]]'', a new attempt to systematically and exhaustively catalogue ancient Greek ruins. The Morea expedition and its publications offered a near-complete description of the regions visited. They formed a scientific, aesthetic and human inventory that remained one of the best means, short of visiting them in person, to get to know the regions. | ||
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Revision as of 20:24, 7 November 2018
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"Athens is peerless among the existing monuments of the ancient civilised world. The ruins of Rome may be more gorgeous ; of Babylon, more mysterious ; of Persepolis, more romantic ; of the Egyptian Thebes, more vast; but in all that is interesting to thought and feeling - in memories and associations, deep, affecting, sublime, Athens transcends them all." --The Antiquities of Athens |
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The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece[1] (1762-1816) is a series of books by Scottish archaeologist James Stuart and British architect Nicholas Revett, documenting the ruins of ancient Athens. Its illustrations compose 5 folio volumes and include 368 etched and engraved plates, plans and maps drawn at scale. They were the first of their kind in studies of ancient Greece. William Hogarth satirised its fastidious depiction of architectural detail in his 1761 engraving Five Orders of Periwigs
Background
Stuart and Revett's project was intended to consist of four volumes, although a supplementary volume also appeared. The illustrations include 368 etched and engraved plates, plans and maps drawn at scale.
Although their French rival Julien-David Le Roy published his book about ancient Greek monuments Ruins of the Most Beautiful Monuments of Greece before The Antiquities of Athens, the accuracy of Revett and Stuart's work gives their survey a claim to be the first of its kind in studies of ancient Greece; for example, Revett and Stuart were the first Europeans to describe the existence of ancient Greek polychromy.
The first volume, in which the authors are described as "painters and architects", appeared in 1762/3. Revett gave up his interest in the project after the first volume, but Stuart continued to be involved until his death in 1788.
The fourth volume appeared in 1816, the year the Elgin Marbles were acquired by the British government.
There were more than five hundred subscribers to its first volume and, although few of the subscribers were architects or builders, thus limiting its impact as a design sourcebook, it later helped fuel the Greek Revival in European architecture. Its illustrations were among the first of their kind and the work was welcomed by antiquaries, scholars, and gentleman amateurs. William Hogarth satirised its fastidious depiction of architectural detail in his 1761 engraving Five Orders of Periwigs.
See also
- Philhellenism
- Goût grec
- Greek Revival architecture
- Adam style
- William Pars – The Parthenon when it contained a mosque (Published in James Stuart and Nicholas Revett, The Antiquities of Athens, London, 1789)
