Typography
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| [[Image:Typographic pear.JPG|200px|thumb|right|The so-called "Typographic pear", a [[calligramme]] which was published on the cover of [[Le Charivari]] of February 27, 1834, [[subvert]]ing the magazine's obligation to publish the condemnation by presenting the text in the form of a pear.]] | [[Image:Typographic pear.JPG|200px|thumb|right|The so-called "Typographic pear", a [[calligramme]] which was published on the cover of [[Le Charivari]] of February 27, 1834, [[subvert]]ing the magazine's obligation to publish the condemnation by presenting the text in the form of a pear.]] | ||
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| - | Typography is the art and techniques of type design, modifying type glyphs, and arranging type. Type glyphs (characters) are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques. The arrangement of type is the selection of typefaces, point size, line length, leading (line spacing) and letter spacing. | ||
| - | Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic artists, art directors, and clerical workers. Until the Digital Age typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users. | + | '''Typography''' (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words τύπος (typos) = form and γραφή (graphe) = writing) is the art and technique of [[typesetting|arranging type]] in order to make language visible. The arrangement of type involves the selection of [[typeface]]s, [[Point (typography)|point size]], [[line length]], [[leading]] (line spacing), adjusting the spaces between groups of letters ([[Letter-spacing|tracking]]) and adjusting the space between pairs of letters ([[kerning]]). [[Type design]] is a closely related craft, which some consider distinct and others a part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. In modern times, typography has been put into motion—in film, television and online broadcasts—to add emotion to mass communication. |
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| + | Typography is performed by [[typesetting|typesetters]], compositors, typographers, [[graphic designer]]s, [[art director]]s, comic book artists, graffiti artists, clerical workers, and anyone else who arranges type for a product. Until the [[Information Age|Digital Age]], typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users, and David Jury states that "typography is now something everybody does."{{Sfn | Jury | 2004 | p = 63}} | ||
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| ==Scope== | ==Scope== | ||
| In contemporary use, the practice and study of typography is very broad, covering all aspects of letter design and application. These include: | In contemporary use, the practice and study of typography is very broad, covering all aspects of letter design and application. These include: | ||
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Typography (from the Greek words τύπος (typos) = form and γραφή (graphe) = writing) is the art and technique of arranging type in order to make language visible. The arrangement of type involves the selection of typefaces, point size, line length, leading (line spacing), adjusting the spaces between groups of letters (tracking) and adjusting the space between pairs of letters (kerning). Type design is a closely related craft, which some consider distinct and others a part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. In modern times, typography has been put into motion—in film, television and online broadcasts—to add emotion to mass communication.
Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic designers, art directors, comic book artists, graffiti artists, clerical workers, and anyone else who arranges type for a product. Until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users, and David Jury states that "typography is now something everybody does."Template:Sfn
Scope
In contemporary use, the practice and study of typography is very broad, covering all aspects of letter design and application. These include:
- typesetting and type design
- handwriting and calligraphy
- graffiti
- inscriptional and architectural lettering
- poster design and other large scale lettering such as signage and billboards
- business communications and promotional collateral
- advertising
- wordmarks and typographic logos (logotypes)
- apparel (clothing)
- labels on maps
- vehicle instrument panels
- kinetic typography in motion picture films and television
- as a component of industrial design—type on household appliances, pens and wristwatches, for example
- as a component in modern poetry (see, for example, the poetry of E. E. Cummings)
Since digitization, typography has spread to a wider ranger of applications, appearing on web pages, LCD mobile phone screens, and hand-held video games. The ubiquity of type has led typographers to coin the phrase "Type is everywhere".
Traditional typography follows four principles: repetition, contrast, proximity, and alignment.
Experimental typography
