Underworld  

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 +[[Image:Hell.jpg|thumb|right|200px|"[[Hell]]" detail from [[Hieronymus Bosch]]'s ''[[Garden of Earthly Delights]]'']]
{{Template}} {{Template}}
In sociology, that part of society that is engaged in [[crime]] or [[vice]]; [[low social class]]. In sociology, that part of society that is engaged in [[crime]] or [[vice]]; [[low social class]].
In the study of [[mythology]] and [[religion]], the '''underworld''' is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term [[afterlife]], referring to any place to which newly [[the dead|dead souls]] go. In the study of [[mythology]] and [[religion]], the '''underworld''' is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term [[afterlife]], referring to any place to which newly [[the dead|dead souls]] go.
 +
 +==Underworlds by mythology==
 +This list includes underworlds in various mythologies, with links to corresponding articles.
 +
 +{| class="wikitable"
 +|-
 +|[[Mythology of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples|Altaic mythology]]
 +|''Yerlik'' (see [[Erlik]])
 +|-
 +|[[Aztec mythology]]
 +|[[Mictlan]]
 +|-
 +|[[Babylonian mythology]]
 +|''' Arallu''' (''also sumerian'')
 +|-
 +|[[Buddhist mythology]]
 +|[[Naraka (Buddhism)|Naraka]] (also [[Niraya]])
 +|-
 +|[[Celtic mythology]]
 +|[[Annwn]], [[Mag Mell]]
 +|-
 +|[[Chinese mythology]]
 +|[[Chinese spiritual world concepts#Practices and Beliefs|Yum gan]] (陰間) is an underworld though not necessarily negative like [[Diyu]] (地獄)
 +|-
 +|[[Christian mythology]]
 +|[[Sheol]]/[[Hades in Christianity|Hadēs]] ([[Realm of the dead|Abode of the dead]]), [[Gehenna]]/[[Tartarus#New Testament|Tártaros]] ([[Hell in Christian beliefs|Hell]]), [[Abaddon]], [[Limbo]], [[Purgatory]], [[Annihilationism]]
 +|-
 +|[[Egyptian mythology]]
 +|[[Aaru]], [[Duat]], [[Neter-khertet]], [[Amenti (Egyptian underworld)|Amenti]]
 +|-
 +|[[Estonian mythology]]
 +|[[Estonian mythology|Toonela]]
 +|-
 +|[[Fijian mythology]]
 +|see Melanesian mythology.
 +|-
 +|[[Finnish mythology]]
 +|[[Tuonela]]
 +|-
 +|[[Greek mythology]]
 +|''[[Greek underworld]]'' [[Elysium]], [[Asphodel Meadows]], [[Hades|Hadēs]], [[Tartarus|Tártaros]]
 +|-
 +|[[Jewish mythology|Hebrew mythology]]
 +|[[Sheol]], [[Gehenna]]
 +|-
 +|[[Hindu mythology]]
 +|[[Naraka]], Yamaloka, [[Paatala loka|Patala]]
 +|-
 +|[[Hungarian mythology]]
 +|[[Alvilág]]
 +|-
 +|[[Inca mythology]]
 +|[[Uku Pacha]]
 +|-
 +|[[Inuit mythology]]
 +|[[Adlivun]]
 +|-
 +|[[Islamic mythology]]
 +|[[Jahannam]], [[Naar]], [[Barzakh]], [[Araf]]
 +|-
 +|[[Jain cosmology|Jain mythology]]
 +|[[Naraka (Jainism)|Naraka]], Adho Loka (the lower worlds)
 +|-
 +|[[Japanese mythology]]
 +|[[Yomi]], [[Diyu|Jigoku]]
 +|-
 +|Korean Mythology
 +|"Ji-Ok" 지옥 地獄
 +|-
 +|[[Latvian mythology]]
 +|[[Aizsaule]]
 +|-
 +|[[Māori mythology]]
 +|[[Hawaiki]]
 +
 +|-
 +|[[Mapuche mythology]]
 +|[[Pellumawida]], [[Degin]], [[Wenuleufu]], [[Ngullchenmaiwe]]
 +|-
 +|[[Maya mythology]]
 +|[[Metnal]], [[Xibalba]]
 +|-
 +|[[Melanesian mythology]]
 +|(includes Fijian) [[Bulu (Fijian mythology)|Bulu]], [[Burotu]], [[Murimuria]], [[Nabangatai]], Tuma
 +|-
 +|[[Norse mythology]]
 +|[[Gimlé]], [[Hel (realm)|Hel]], [[Niflheim]], [[Vingólf]]
 +|-
 +|[[Oromo people|Oromo]] mythology
 +|[[Ekera]]
 +|-
 +|[[Philippine mythology]]
 +|[[Kasanaan]], [[Impiyerno]]
 +|-
 +|[[Polynesian mythology]]
 +|[[Avaiki]], [[Bulotu]], [[Iva (mythology)|Iva]], [[Lua-o-Milu]], [[Nga- Atua]], [[Pulotu]], [[Rangi Tuarea]], [[Te Toi-o-nga-Ranga]], [[Uranga-o-Te-Ra]]
 +|-
 +|[[Pueblo]] mythology
 +|[[Shipap]]
 +|-
 +|[[Roman mythology]]
 +|[[Inferno]], [[Avernus]], [[Orcus]]/[[Hades|Hadēs]], [[Pluto (mythology)|Pluto]]
 +|-
 +|[[Slavic mythology]]
 +|[[Podsvetie]], [[Peklo]], Nava
 +|-
 +|[[Sumerian mythology]]
 +|[[Dilmun]], [[Kur]], [[Irkalla]]
 +|-
 +|[[Haitian Vodou|Vodou]] mythology
 +|[[Guinee]]
 +|-
 +|[[Wagawaga mythology]]
 +|[[Hiyoyoa]]
 +|}
 +
 +==Underworld rulers==
 +This list includes rulers or guardians of the underworld in various mythologies, with links to corresponding articles.
 +
 +{| class="wikitable"
 +|-
 +|[[Aboriginal mythology]]
 +|[[Baiame]] ([[Kamilaroi]]), [[Eingana]]
 +|-
 +|[[Akkadian mythology]]
 +|[[Allu]], [[Anu]], [[Anunnaku]], [[Ereshkigal]], [[Etemmu]], [[Gallu]], [[Humbaba]], [[Mamitu]], [[Nergal]], [[Utnapishtim]]
 +|-
 +|[[Albanian mythology]]
 +|[[E Bukura e Dheut]]
 +|-
 +|[[Altaic mythology]]
 +|[[Erlik]]
 +|-
 +|[[Armenian mythology]]
 +|[[Spandaramat]]
 +|-
 +|[[Aztec mythology]]
 +|[[Mictlantecuhtli]], [[Mictecacihuatl]], [[Chalmecacihuilt]], [[Chalmecatl]]
 +|-
 +|[[Babylonian mythology]]
 +|[[Erra (god)|Erra]], [[Nergal]], [[Ninlil]], [[Sursunabu]], [[Ur-shanabi]], [[Utnapishtim]]
 +|-
 +|[[Balinese mythology]]
 +|[[Batara Kala]], [[Setesuyara]]
 +|-
 +|[[Bon mythology]]
 +|[[gNyan]]
 +|-
 +|[[Buddhist mythology]]
 +|[[Yama (Buddhism and Chinese mythology)|Yama, Emma-O-, Yanluo]]
 +|-
 +|[[Canaanite mythology]]
 +|[[Mot (Semitic god)|Mot]]
 +|-
 +|[[Celtic mythology]]
 +|[[Aed (god)|Aed]], [[Arawn]], [[Cwn Annwn]], [[Donn]], [[Gwyn ap Nudd]], [[Manannán mac Lir]], [[Pwyll]]
 +|-
 +|[[Chinese mythology]]
 +|[[Mogwai (Chinese culture)|Gui]], [[Yama (Buddhism and Chinese mythology)|Yanluo]]
 +|-
 +|[[Christian mythology]]
 +|[[Satan]]
 +|-
 +|[[Egyptian mythology]]
 +|[[Aken (god)|Aken]], [[Aker (god)|Aker]] (strictly only the gatekeeper), [[Am-heh]], [[Amunet]], [[Ammit]], [[Andjety]], [[Anubis]], [[Apep]], [[Apis (Egyptian mythology)|Apis]], [[Astennu]], [[Ha (mythology)|Ha]], [[Imiut fetish|Imiut]] (if the Imiut was ever considered a god), [[Isis]], [[Mehen]], [[Naunet]], [[Nehebkau]], [[Nephthys]], [[Nun]], [[Nut (goddess)|Nut]], [[Osiris]], [[Ptah]], [[Seker]], [[Thoth]]
 +|-
 +|[[Elamite mythology]]
 +|[[Jabru]]
 +|-
 +|[[Estonian mythology]]
 +|[[Vanapagan]]
 +|-
 +|[[Etruscan mythology]]
 +|[[Charun]], [[Culsu]], [[Februus]], [[Mania]], [[Mantus]], [[Nethuns]], [[Tuchulcha]], [[Vanth]]
 +|-
 +|[[Finnish mythology]]
 +|[[Kalma (goddess)|Kalma]], [[Kipu-Tyttö]], [[Kivutar]], [[Lovitar]], [[Surma (Finnish mythology)|Surma]], [[Akka (Spirit)|Tuonen akka]], [[Tuonetar]], [[Tuoni]], [[Vammatar]]
 +|-
 +|[[Greek mythology]]
 +|[[Cerberus]], [[Charon (mythology)|Charon]], [[Hades|Hadēs]], [[Keres (Greek mythology)|Keres]], [[Persephone]], [[Thanatos|Thánatos]], [[Tartarus|Tártaros]]
 +|-
 +|[[Georgian mythology]]
 +|[[sasuleti]]
 +|-
 +|[[Haida mythology]]
 +|[[Ta'xet]], [[Tia (goddess)|Tia]]
 +|-
 +|[[Hinduism]]
 +|[[Yamaraja]]
 +|-
 +|[[Hopi mythology]]
 +|[[Kachina]]
 +|-
 +|[[Ibo mythology]]
 +|[[Ala (mythology)|Ala]]
 +|-
 +|[[Incan mythology]]
 +|[[Supay]], [[Vichama]]
 +|-
 +|Indonesian mythology
 +|[[Dewi Shri]], [[Ndara]]
 +|-
 +|[[Inuit mythology]]
 +|[[Pana]], [[Sedna (deity)|Sedna]]
 +|-
 +|[[Islamic mythology]]
 +|[[Mala'ikah]]
 +|-
 +|[[Japanese mythology]]
 +|[[Hisa-Me]], [[Hotoke]], [[Ika-Zuchi-no-Kami]], [[Jikininki]], [[Shiko-Me]], [[Shiti Dama]], [[Shi-Ryo]], [[Yama]]
 +|-
 +|[[Kassite mythology]]
 +|{{dn|Dur}}
 +|-
 +|[[Khmer mythology]]
 +|[[Preas Eyssaur]]
 +|-
 +|[[Latvian mythology]]
 +|[[Veli]], [[Velu mate]], [[Zemes mate]]
 +|-
 +|[[Levantine mythology]]
 +|[[Mot (Semitic god)|Mot]]
 +|-
 +|[[Lunda mythology]]
 +|[[Kalunga]]
 +|-
 +|[[Maori mythology]]
 +|[[Kewa]]
 +
 +|-
 +|[[Maya mythology]]
 +|[[Xibalba]]
 +|-
 +|[[Melanesian mythology]]
 +|(includes Fijian mythology) [[Degei]], [[Ratumaibulu]], [[Samulayo]]
 +|-
 +|[[Narragansett mythology]]
 +|[[Chepi]]
 +|-
 +|[[Navaho mythology]]
 +|[[Estanatelhi]]
 +|-
 +|[[Niquiran mythology]]
 +|[[Mictanteot]]
 +|-
 +|[[Norse mythology]]
 +|[[Garmr]], [[Hel (goddess)|Hel]], [[Ran (mythology)|Ran]]
 +|-
 +|[[Orokolo mythology]]
 +|[[Kiavari]]
 +|-
 +|[[Persian mythology]]
 +|[[Angra Mainyu]], [[Zahhak|Azhi Dahaka]], [[Peri]]
 +|-
 +|[[Philippine mythology]] (Look to the Christian Mythology for more information)
 +|""Bathala", ''Demonyo'' [[Demon]], [[Lucifer]], ''Dyablo'' [[Devil|Diablo]], [[Satan]], ''Diyos'' [[God]]
 +|-
 +|[[Phoenician mythology]]
 +|[[Horon]]
 +|-
 +|[[Phrygian mythology]]
 +|[[Men (god)|Men]]
 +|-
 +|[[Polynesian mythology]]
 +|[[Hikuleo]], [[Hina (goddess)|Hina]], [[Hine-nui-te-Po]], [[Kanaloa]], [[Kiho-tumu]], [[Makea Tutara]], [[Mahiuki]], [[Mahu-ike]], [[Marama (mythology)|Marama]], {{dn|Mauri}}, [[Merau]], {{dn|Milu}}, [[Miru]], [[Rimu]], [[Rohe (mythology)|Rohe]], [[Whiro]]
 +|-
 +|[[Prussian mythology]]
 +|[[Picullus]]
 +|-
 +|[[Pueblo mythology]]
 +|[[Iyatiku]]
 +|-
 +|[[Roma (Gypsy) mythology]]
 +|
 +|-
 +|[[Roman mythology]]
 +|[[Cerberus]], [[Dea Tacita]], [[Dis Pater]], [[Egestes]], [[Fames]], [[Inferi Dii]], [[Larenta]], [[Letum]], [[Libitina]], [[Mors (mythology)|Mors]], [[Orcus]], [[Pluto (god)|Pluto]], [[Proserpina]], [[Viduus]]
 +|-
 +|[[Romanian mythology]]
 +|[[Diavolu]], [[Satana]], [[Necuratu]], [[Scaraoschi]]
 +|-
 +|[[Russian mythology]]
 +|[[Dyavol]], [[Satanaya]]
 +|-
 +|[[Saami mythology]]
 +|[[Akka (Spirit)|Yambe-akka]]
 +|-
 +|[[Salish mythology]]
 +|[[Amotken]]
 +|-
 +|[[Siberian mythology]]
 +|[[Chebeldei]], {{dn|Kul}}
 +|-
 +|[[Slavic mythology]]
 +|[[Crnobog]], [[Flins]], [[Marzana]], [[Nyia]]
 +|-
 +|[[Sumerian mythology]]
 +|[[Edimmu]], [[Ekimmu]], [[Endukugga]], [[Enmesarra]], [[Ereshkigal]], [[Gidim]], [[Gula]], [[Irkalla]], [[Kur]], [[Namtar]], [[Nergal]], [[Neti (mythology)|Neti]], [[Nindukugga]], [[Ninlil]], [[Urshanabi]], [[Utnapishtim|Ziusudra]]
 +|-
 +|[[Syrian mythology]]
 +|[[Reshep]]
 +|-
 +|[[Tamil mythology]]
 +|[[Cur]]
 +|-
 +|[[Thracian mythology]]
 +|[[Heros (mythology)|Heros]]
 +|-
 +|[[Turkic mythology]]
 +|[[Erlik]]
 +|-
 +|[[Haitian Vodou|Vodou]]
 +|[[Baron Cimetière]], [[Baron La Croix]], [[Baron Samedi]], [[Ghede]], [[Maman Brigitte]], [[Marassa Jumeaux]]
 +|-
 +|[[Wagawaga mythology]]
 +|[[Tumudurere]]
 +|-
 +|[[Yoruba mythology]]
 +|[[Oya]]
 +|-
 +|[[Yurak mythology]]
 +|[[Nga (god)|Nga]]
 +|-
 +|[[Zuni mythology]]
 +|[[Uhepono]]
 +|-
 +|[[Classicism]]
 +|[[Stuades Davies]]
 +|}
 +
 +==See also==
 +*[[Underground]]
 +*[[Greek underworld]]
 +*[[World Tree]]—A tree that connects the heavens, the earth, and the underworld in a number of spiritual belief systems
 +
 +
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In sociology, that part of society that is engaged in crime or vice; low social class.

In the study of mythology and religion, the underworld is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term afterlife, referring to any place to which newly dead souls go.

Underworlds by mythology

This list includes underworlds in various mythologies, with links to corresponding articles.

Altaic mythology Yerlik (see Erlik)
Aztec mythology Mictlan
Babylonian mythology Arallu (also sumerian)
Buddhist mythology Naraka (also Niraya)
Celtic mythology Annwn, Mag Mell
Chinese mythology Yum gan (陰間) is an underworld though not necessarily negative like Diyu (地獄)
Christian mythology Sheol/Hadēs (Abode of the dead), Gehenna/Tártaros (Hell), Abaddon, Limbo, Purgatory, Annihilationism
Egyptian mythology Aaru, Duat, Neter-khertet, Amenti
Estonian mythology Toonela
Fijian mythology see Melanesian mythology.
Finnish mythology Tuonela
Greek mythology Greek underworld Elysium, Asphodel Meadows, Hadēs, Tártaros
Hebrew mythology Sheol, Gehenna
Hindu mythology Naraka, Yamaloka, Patala
Hungarian mythology Alvilág
Inca mythology Uku Pacha
Inuit mythology Adlivun
Islamic mythology Jahannam, Naar, Barzakh, Araf
Jain mythology Naraka, Adho Loka (the lower worlds)
Japanese mythology Yomi, Jigoku
Korean Mythology "Ji-Ok" 지옥 地獄
Latvian mythology Aizsaule
Māori mythology Hawaiki
Mapuche mythology Pellumawida, Degin, Wenuleufu, Ngullchenmaiwe
Maya mythology Metnal, Xibalba
Melanesian mythology (includes Fijian) Bulu, Burotu, Murimuria, Nabangatai, Tuma
Norse mythology Gimlé, Hel, Niflheim, Vingólf
Oromo mythology Ekera
Philippine mythology Kasanaan, Impiyerno
Polynesian mythology Avaiki, Bulotu, Iva, Lua-o-Milu, Nga- Atua, Pulotu, Rangi Tuarea, Te Toi-o-nga-Ranga, Uranga-o-Te-Ra
Pueblo mythology Shipap
Roman mythology Inferno, Avernus, Orcus/Hadēs, Pluto
Slavic mythology Podsvetie, Peklo, Nava
Sumerian mythology Dilmun, Kur, Irkalla
Vodou mythology Guinee
Wagawaga mythology Hiyoyoa

Underworld rulers

This list includes rulers or guardians of the underworld in various mythologies, with links to corresponding articles.

Aboriginal mythology Baiame (Kamilaroi), Eingana
Akkadian mythology Allu, Anu, Anunnaku, Ereshkigal, Etemmu, Gallu, Humbaba, Mamitu, Nergal, Utnapishtim
Albanian mythology E Bukura e Dheut
Altaic mythology Erlik
Armenian mythology Spandaramat
Aztec mythology Mictlantecuhtli, Mictecacihuatl, Chalmecacihuilt, Chalmecatl
Babylonian mythology Erra, Nergal, Ninlil, Sursunabu, Ur-shanabi, Utnapishtim
Balinese mythology Batara Kala, Setesuyara
Bon mythology gNyan
Buddhist mythology Yama, Emma-O-, Yanluo
Canaanite mythology Mot
Celtic mythology Aed, Arawn, Cwn Annwn, Donn, Gwyn ap Nudd, Manannán mac Lir, Pwyll
Chinese mythology Gui, Yanluo
Christian mythology Satan
Egyptian mythology Aken, Aker (strictly only the gatekeeper), Am-heh, Amunet, Ammit, Andjety, Anubis, Apep, Apis, Astennu, Ha, Imiut (if the Imiut was ever considered a god), Isis, Mehen, Naunet, Nehebkau, Nephthys, Nun, Nut, Osiris, Ptah, Seker, Thoth
Elamite mythology Jabru
Estonian mythology Vanapagan
Etruscan mythology Charun, Culsu, Februus, Mania, Mantus, Nethuns, Tuchulcha, Vanth
Finnish mythology Kalma, Kipu-Tyttö, Kivutar, Lovitar, Surma, Tuonen akka, Tuonetar, Tuoni, Vammatar
Greek mythology Cerberus, Charon, Hadēs, Keres, Persephone, Thánatos, Tártaros
Georgian mythology sasuleti
Haida mythology Ta'xet, Tia
Hinduism Yamaraja
Hopi mythology Kachina
Ibo mythology Ala
Incan mythology Supay, Vichama
Indonesian mythology Dewi Shri, Ndara
Inuit mythology Pana, Sedna
Islamic mythology Mala'ikah
Japanese mythology Hisa-Me, Hotoke, Ika-Zuchi-no-Kami, Jikininki, Shiko-Me, Shiti Dama, Shi-Ryo, Yama
Kassite mythology Template:Dn
Khmer mythology Preas Eyssaur
Latvian mythology Veli, Velu mate, Zemes mate
Levantine mythology Mot
Lunda mythology Kalunga
Maori mythology Kewa
Maya mythology Xibalba
Melanesian mythology (includes Fijian mythology) Degei, Ratumaibulu, Samulayo
Narragansett mythology Chepi
Navaho mythology Estanatelhi
Niquiran mythology Mictanteot
Norse mythology Garmr, Hel, Ran
Orokolo mythology Kiavari
Persian mythology Angra Mainyu, Azhi Dahaka, Peri
Philippine mythology (Look to the Christian Mythology for more information) ""Bathala", Demonyo Demon, Lucifer, Dyablo Diablo, Satan, Diyos God
Phoenician mythology Horon
Phrygian mythology Men
Polynesian mythology Hikuleo, Hina, Hine-nui-te-Po, Kanaloa, Kiho-tumu, Makea Tutara, Mahiuki, Mahu-ike, Marama, Template:Dn, Merau, Template:Dn, Miru, Rimu, Rohe, Whiro
Prussian mythology Picullus
Pueblo mythology Iyatiku
Roma (Gypsy) mythology
Roman mythology Cerberus, Dea Tacita, Dis Pater, Egestes, Fames, Inferi Dii, Larenta, Letum, Libitina, Mors, Orcus, Pluto, Proserpina, Viduus
Romanian mythology Diavolu, Satana, Necuratu, Scaraoschi
Russian mythology Dyavol, Satanaya
Saami mythology Yambe-akka
Salish mythology Amotken
Siberian mythology Chebeldei, Template:Dn
Slavic mythology Crnobog, Flins, Marzana, Nyia
Sumerian mythology Edimmu, Ekimmu, Endukugga, Enmesarra, Ereshkigal, Gidim, Gula, Irkalla, Kur, Namtar, Nergal, Neti, Nindukugga, Ninlil, Urshanabi, Ziusudra
Syrian mythology Reshep
Tamil mythology Cur
Thracian mythology Heros
Turkic mythology Erlik
Vodou Baron Cimetière, Baron La Croix, Baron Samedi, Ghede, Maman Brigitte, Marassa Jumeaux
Wagawaga mythology Tumudurere
Yoruba mythology Oya
Yurak mythology Nga
Zuni mythology Uhepono
Classicism Stuades Davies

See also





Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Underworld" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.

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