Urban culture
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
| Revision as of 20:47, 21 June 2020 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Revision as of 20:56, 21 June 2020 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) Next diff → |
||
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| [[Fex urbis lex orbis]] | [[Fex urbis lex orbis]] | ||
| |} | |} | ||
| - | [[Image:Pruitt-Igoe-overview.jpg|thumb|200px|"[[Machines for living]]:" for various critics, including [[Tom Wolfe]], the '''[[Pruitt-Igoe]]''' housing project illustrated both the essential unlivability of [[Bauhaus]]-inspired [[international style (architecture)|box architecture]], and the ''[[hubris]]'' of [[central planning]].]] | + | [[Image:Pruitt-Igoe-overview.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Pruitt-Igoe]]'' housing project]] |
| + | [[Image:L'Absinthe (1876) - Edgar Degas.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[L'Absinthe]]'' (1876) - Edgar Degas]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| '''Urban culture''' is the [[culture]] of [[city|cities]]. Cities all over the world, past and present, have behaviors and cultural elements that separate them from otherwise comparable [[rural]] areas. | '''Urban culture''' is the [[culture]] of [[city|cities]]. Cities all over the world, past and present, have behaviors and cultural elements that separate them from otherwise comparable [[rural]] areas. | ||
| Line 12: | Line 13: | ||
| The defining theme is the presence of a great number of very different people in a very limited space - most of them are [[Stranger|strangers]] to each other. This makes it possible to build up a vast array of [[subculture|subcultures]] close to each other, exposed to each other's [[Social influence|influence]], but without necessarily intruding into people's [[Private sphere|private lives]]. | The defining theme is the presence of a great number of very different people in a very limited space - most of them are [[Stranger|strangers]] to each other. This makes it possible to build up a vast array of [[subculture|subcultures]] close to each other, exposed to each other's [[Social influence|influence]], but without necessarily intruding into people's [[Private sphere|private lives]]. | ||
| - | In the United States, ''Urban culture'' has been used as a [[euphemism|euphemistic]] reference to contemporary [[African American culture]]. | + | In the United States, ''Urban culture'' has been used as a [[euphemism|euphemistic]] reference to contemporary [[African-American culture]]. |
| == Urban areas == | == Urban areas == | ||
| Line 19: | Line 20: | ||
| == Politics and social trends == | == Politics and social trends == | ||
| In most of the [[Western world]], urban areas tend to be politically to the left of suburban and rural areas, even if [[deindustrialization]] has reduced the influence of [[labour unions]] and the [[working class]], the new urban left is supported by upper middle class [[white-collar worker]]s, students and academics, and creative types (artists). Urbanites also tend to be less religious, more environmentalist, and more open to immigration than rural people. | In most of the [[Western world]], urban areas tend to be politically to the left of suburban and rural areas, even if [[deindustrialization]] has reduced the influence of [[labour unions]] and the [[working class]], the new urban left is supported by upper middle class [[white-collar worker]]s, students and academics, and creative types (artists). Urbanites also tend to be less religious, more environmentalist, and more open to immigration than rural people. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==In the United States== | ||
| - | ==== Background ==== | ||
| - | |||
| - | Prior to the 20th century, the [[African American]] population was primarily rural. The [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] of African-Americans created the first large, urban black communities in the [[American North]]. It is conservatively estimated that 400,000 left [[American South|the South]] during the two-year period of 1916-1918 to take advantage of a [[labor shortage]] created in the wake of the [[First World War]]. The 20th century cultures of many of the United States' modern cities were forged in this period. | ||
| - | |||
| - | In 1910, the African American population of [[Detroit]] was 6,000. By the start of the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]] in 1929, this figure had risen to 120,000. | ||
| - | |||
| - | In 1900 [[Chicago]] had a total population of 1,698,575. By 1920 the population had increased by more than 1 million residents. During the [[second wave of the Great Migration]] (from 1940–1960), the African American population in the city grew from 278,000 to 813,000. The [[South Side of Chicago]] was considered the black capital of America. | ||
| - | |||
| - | The massive number of African Americans to [[Ohio]], in particularly to [[Cleveland]], greatly changed the [[demographics]] of the state and Cleveland. Prior to the Great Migration, an estimated 1.1 - 1.6% of Cleveland’s population was African American. In 1920, 4.3% of Cleveland’s population was African American. The number of African Americans in Cleveland continued to rise over the next twenty years of the Great Migration. Other cities, such as [[St. Louis]], [[Baltimore]], [[Philadelphia]] and [[New York City]], also experienced surges in their African-American populations. | ||
| - | |||
| - | In the South, the departure of hundreds of thousands of African Americans caused the black percentage of the population in most Southern states to decrease. For example, in [[Mississippi]], blacks decreased from about 56% of the population in 1910 to about 37% by 1970 and in [[South Carolina]], blacks decreased from about 55% of the population in 1910 to about 30% by 1970. | ||
| - | |||
| - | By the end of the Second Great Migration, African Americans had become an urbanized population. More than 80 percent lived in cities. Fifty-three percent remained in the Southern United States, while 40 percent lived in the [[Northeastern United States|Northeast]] and [[Midwestern United States|North Central states]] and 7 percent in the [[Western United States|West]]. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Inner city]] | ||
| - | * [[Street culture (disambiguaation)]] | ||
| * [[African-American culture]] | * [[African-American culture]] | ||
| + | * [[Chicago School (sociology)]] | ||
| * [[Graffiti]] | * [[Graffiti]] | ||
| - | * [[Hip hop music]] | + | * [[Hip hop culture]] |
| * [[Hipster (contemporary subculture)]] | * [[Hipster (contemporary subculture)]] | ||
| - | * [[Street Life (The Crusaders album)|Street Life, the Crusaders song and album of 1979]] | + | * [[Inner city]] |
| - | + | * [[Subculture]] | |
| - | '''Other:''' | + | * [[Urban contemporary]] |
| - | * [[Futurism (art)|Futurism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Chicago School (sociology)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Principles of Intelligent Urbanism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Urbanism]] | + | |
| * [[Urban economics]] | * [[Urban economics]] | ||
| * [[Urban sociology]] | * [[Urban sociology]] | ||
| - | * [[Urban pop culture]] | + | * [[Urbanism]] |
| - | * [[Hip hop fashion]] | + | |
| - | * [[Urban contemporary]] | + | |
| * [[Urbanization]] | * [[Urbanization]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 20:56, 21 June 2020
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
Urban culture is the culture of cities. Cities all over the world, past and present, have behaviors and cultural elements that separate them from otherwise comparable rural areas.
In the US and UK, "urban" is often used as a euphemism to describe hip hop culture or subsets of black culture; being these defined groups as a type of urban tribe. Hence names for cultural artifacts like urban music could be seen as a new term for "Race music". It can also refer to the greater availability of cultural resources (such as art, theatre, events, etc) as compared to suburban or rural areas.
The defining theme is the presence of a great number of very different people in a very limited space - most of them are strangers to each other. This makes it possible to build up a vast array of subcultures close to each other, exposed to each other's influence, but without necessarily intruding into people's private lives.
In the United States, Urban culture has been used as a euphemistic reference to contemporary African-American culture.
Urban areas
Globally, urban areas tend to also be home to concentrations of power, such as government capitals and corporate headquarters, and the wealthy and powerful people that are employed in them. Cities also organize people, create norms, beliefs, and values. As outlined by Max Weber in his book, The City, "there are five things that make a city: fortification, market, a law code, an association of urban citizenry creating a sense of municipal corporateness, and sufficient political autonomy for urban citizens to choose the city’s governors." In some countries, elites have built themselves enclaves outside of the central city (e.g. white flight in the United States).
Politics and social trends
In most of the Western world, urban areas tend to be politically to the left of suburban and rural areas, even if deindustrialization has reduced the influence of labour unions and the working class, the new urban left is supported by upper middle class white-collar workers, students and academics, and creative types (artists). Urbanites also tend to be less religious, more environmentalist, and more open to immigration than rural people.
See also
- African-American culture
- Chicago School (sociology)
- Graffiti
- Hip hop culture
- Hipster (contemporary subculture)
- Inner city
- Subculture
- Urban contemporary
- Urban economics
- Urban sociology
- Urbanism
- Urbanization
