Vern Bullough
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| - | :''[[Psychopathia Sexualis]], [[sexology]], [[history of anatomy]]'' | ||
| - | === Ancient === | + | '''Vern Leroy Bullough''' (July 24, 1928 – June 21, 2006) was an [[United States|American]] [[historian]] and [[sexologist]]. |
| - | A number of ancient [[sex manual]]s exist, including [[Ovid]]'s ''[[Ars Amatoria]]'', the ''[[Kama Sutra]]'' of [[Vatsyayana]], the ''[[Ananga Ranga]]'' and ''[[The Perfumed Garden|The Perfumed Garden for the Soul's Recreation]]''. However, none of these treat sex as the subject of a formal field of scientific or medical research. | + | He was a distinguished [[professor emeritus]] at the [[State University of New York]] ([[State University of New York|SUNY]]), an Outstanding Professor in the [[California State University]], a past president of the [[Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality]], past [[dean (education)|Dean]] of natural and social sciences at the ''Buffalo State College'' in [[Buffalo, New York]], one of the founders of the [[American Association for the History of Nursing]], and a member of the editorial board of ''[[Paidika|Paidika: The Journal of Paedophilia]]''. |
| - | === Middle Ages === | + | ==Biography== |
| - | *''[[De Secretis Mulierum]]'' | + | Born in [[Salt Lake City, Utah]], Bullough earned his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] at [[University of Utah]] in 1951. He then attended [[University of Chicago]], earning an [[Master's degree|M.A.]] in 1951 and a Ph.D in 1954. In 1981 he received a [[B.S.N.]] from [[California State University, Long Beach]]. |
| - | === 16th century === | + | |
| - | [[Gabriele Falloppio]] (1523 - October 9, 1562), often known by his [[Latin]] name '''Fallopius''', was one of the most important [[human anatomy|anatomists]] and [[physician]]s of the sixteenth century, author of ''[[Observationes Anatomicae]]''. | + | According to the university: |
| - | + | :He is the author, co-author, or editor of nearly 50 books, has contributed chapters to another 75 or so, and has over 100 refereed articles, and hundreds of more popular ones. His expertise encompasses several fields: sexology, history, community health and public policy, contraception and population issues. He has lectured in most of the 50 states and 20 or so foreign countries including China, Russia, Greece, Egypt, Ghana, et al. Among his many awards is the Alfred Kinsey Award for distinguished sex research. | |
| - | [[Realdo Columbo]] published his only work, ''[[De Re Anatomica]]'', in 1559 shortly before his death. Many of the contributions made in ''De Re Anatomica'' overlapped the discoveries of [[Gabriel Falloppio]], most notably the discovery of the [[clitoris]]. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 17th century === | + | |
| - | [[Nicolas Venette]] (1633-1698) was a French physician, [[sexologist]] and writer. | + | |
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| - | [[Regnier de Graaf]] (July 30, 1641 – August 17, 1673) was a [[The Netherlands|Dutch]] [[physician]] and [[anatomy|anatomist]] who made key discoveries in [[reproductive biology]]. His first name is often spelled ''Reinier'' or ''Reynier''. | + | |
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| - | [[William Cowper (anatomist)|William Cowper]] (c.[[1666]] - [[8 March]] [[1709]]) was an English [[surgery|surgeon]] and [[anatomist]], famous for his early description of what is now known as the [[Cowper's gland]]. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | In certain works of fictions, such as the ''[[Satyrica Sotadica]]'', descriptions of the [[male genitalia|male]] and [[female genitalia]] are given. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 18th century === | + | |
| - | [[Martin Schurig]] (1656–1733) was the first [[physician]] to occupy himself with the anatomy of the [[sexual organ]]s. He is known for his ''[[Spermatologia Historico-Medica]]'', often known simply as ''Spermatologia'', published in 1720. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | In [[1760]], [[Samuel-Auguste Tissot]] published ''[[L'Onanisme]]'', his own comprehensive medical treatise on the purported ill-effects of [[masturbation]]. Citing case studies of young male masturbators amongst his patients in [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]] as basis for his reasoning, Tissot argued that [[semen]] was an "essential oil" and "stimulus" that, when lost from the body in great amounts, would cause "a perceptible reduction of strength, of memory and even of reason; blurred vision, all the nervous disorders, all types of [[gout]] and [[rheumatism]], weakening of the organs of generation, blood in the urine, disturbance of the appetite, headaches and a great number of other disorders." | + | |
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| - | === 19th century === | + | |
| - | :''[[Alfred Binet]]'' | + | |
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| - | In 1837, ''[[De la prostitution dans la ville de Paris]]'' (Prostitution in the City of Paris) was published by [[Alexander Jean Baptiste Parent-Duchatelet]]. In that study, Parent-Duchatelet provided data from a sample of 3,558 registered prostitutes of Paris. That effort has been called the first work of modern sex research. | + | |
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| - | In 1886, [[Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing]] published ''[[Psychopathia Sexualis (book)|Psychopathia Sexualis]].'' That work is considered as having established sexology as a scientific discipline. | + | |
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| - | In 1897, [[Henry Havelock Ellis|Havelock Ellis]], a British sexologist, co-authored the first English medical text book on homosexuality, ''Sexual inversion'' (Das Konträre Geschlechtsgefühle). (The original German-languaged edition was published in 1896.) A friend of [[Edward Carpenter]], Ellis was one of the first sexologists who did not regard homosexuality as a disease, immoral, or a crime. He preferred the term [[sexual inversion (sexology)|inversion]] to homosexuality, and developed concepts such as [[autoerotism]] and [[narcissism]], which were later adopted by Sigmund Freud. He is regarded as having been one of the most influential scholars in opposing Victorian morality regarding sex. | + | |
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| - | === 20th century === | + | |
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| - | In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, [[Sigmund Freud]] developed a theory of sexuality based on his studies of his clients. [[Wilhelm Reich]] and [[Otto Gross]], were disciples of Freud, but rejected by him because of their emphasis of the role of sexuality for the revolutionary struggle for the emancipation of mankind. | + | |
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| - | In 1908, the first scholarly journal of the field, ''Journal of Sexology'' (Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft), began publication and was published monthly for one year. Those issues contained articles by [[Sigmund Freud]], [[Alfred Adler]], and [[Wilhelm Stekel]]. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | In 1913, the first academic association was founded: the ''Society for Sexology''. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | [[Sigmund Freud]] developed a theory of sexuality based on his studies of his clients, between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. [[Wilhelm Reich]] and [[Otto Gross]], were disciples of Freud, but rejected by his theories because of their emphasis on the role of sexuality in the revolutionary struggle for the emancipation of mankind. | + | |
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| - | In 1919, [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] founded the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' (Institute for Sexology) in [[Berlin]]. Its library housed over 20,000 volumes, 35,000 photographs, a large collections of art and another objects. The Institute and its library were destroyed by the Nazi's less than three months after they took power, May 8, 1933. Hirschfeld developed a system which identified numerous actual or hypothetical types of sexual intermediary between heterosexual male and female to represent the potential diversity of human sexuality, and is credited with identifying a group of people that today are referred to as [[transsexual]] or [[transgender]] as separate from the categories of homosexuality, he referred to these people as 'transvestiten' (transvestites). | + | |
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| - | In 1947, [[Alfred Kinsey]] founded the [[Institute for Sex Research]] at [[Indiana University (Bloomington)|Indiana University]] at [[Bloomington, Indiana|Bloomington]], now called the [[Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender and Reproduction]]. He wrote in his 1948 book that more was scientifically known about the sexual behavior of farm animals than of humans. | + | |
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| - | [[Masters and Johnson]] released their works ''Human Sexual Response'' in 1966 and ''Human Sexual Inadequacy'' in 1970. Their books sold well, and they were founders of what became to be known as the [[Masters & Johnson Institute]] in 1978. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | [[Fritz Klein]] developed the [[Klein Sexual Orientation Grid]] a multi-dimensional system for describing complex sexual orientation, similar to the [[Kinsey scale]], but measuring seven different vectors of [[sexual orientation]] and [[sexual identity|identity]] separately, and allowing for change over time. In 1978 [[Fritz Klein|Klein]] published ''The Bisexual Option'', a groundbreaking psychological study of [[bisexuality]] and in 1998, he founded the [[American Institute of Bisexuality|American Institute of Bisexuality (AIB)]] to encourage, support and assist research and education about [[bisexuality]]. | + | |
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| - | [[Kurt Freund]] developed the [[penile plethysmograph]] in [[Czechoslovakia]] in the 1950s. The device was designed to provide an objective measurement of sexual arousal in males, and Freund used it to help dispel a number of myths surrounding [[homosexuality]]. This tool has since been used with [[sex offenders]]. | + | |
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| - | In 1966 and 1970, [[Masters and Johnson]] released their works ''Human Sexual Response'' and ''Human Sexual Inadequacy,'' respectively. Those volumes sold well, and they were founders of what became known as the [[Masters & Johnson Institute]] in 1978. | + | |
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| - | [[Vern Bullough]] was the most prominent historian of sexology during this era, as well as being a researcher in the field. | + | |
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| - | ===21st Century=== | + | |
| - | Technological advances have permitted sexological questions to be addressed with studies using behavioral genetics, neuroimaging, and large-scale Internet-based surveys. | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | Sexology in the 21st Century made a paradigm shift from behaviorism to universal integralism which perceives sexology as the scientific study not only of sexual behavior but also of the sexual being as such. Sexology enhances from a either medical-clinical or cultural-social paradigm to an universal integralism of bio-,psycho-,socio-and cultural studies. , | + | |
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| - | ==Notable contributors== | + | |
| - | This is a list of sexologists and notable contributors to the field of sexology, sorted by the year of their birth: | + | |
| - | * [[Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing]] (1840-1902) | + | |
| - | * [[Albert Eulenburg]] (1840-1917) | + | |
| - | * [[Sigmund Freud]] (1856-1939) | + | |
| - | * [[Wilhelm Fliess]] (1858-1928) | + | |
| - | * [[Havelock Ellis]] (1859-1939) | + | |
| - | * [[Robert Latou Dickinson]] (1861-1950) | + | |
| - | * [[Albert Moll]] (1862-1939) | + | |
| - | * [[Edward Westermarck]] (1862-1939) | + | |
| - | * [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] (1868-1935) | + | |
| - | * [[Iwan Bloch]] (1872-1922) | + | |
| - | * [[Theodor Hendrik van de Velde]] (1873-1937) | + | |
| - | * [[Max Marcuse]] (1877-1963) | + | |
| - | * [[Otto Gross]] (1877-1920) | + | |
| - | * [[Ernst Gräfenberg]] (1881-1957) | + | |
| - | * [[Harry Benjamin]] (1885-1986) | + | |
| - | * [[Theodor Reik]] (1888-1969) | + | |
| - | * [[Alfred Kinsey]] (1894-1956) | + | |
| - | * [[Wilhelm Reich]] (1897-1957) | + | |
| - | * [[Mary Calderone]] (1904-1998) | + | |
| - | * [[Wardell Pomeroy]] (1913-2001) | + | |
| - | * [[Albert Ellis]] (1913-2007) | + | |
| - | * [[Kurt Freund]] (1914-1996) | + | |
| - | * [[Ernest Borneman]] (1915-1995) | + | |
| - | * [[William Masters]] (1915-2001) | + | |
| - | * [[Paul H. Gebhard]] (born 1917) | + | |
| - | * [[John Money]] (1921-2006) | + | |
| - | * [[Ira Reiss]] (born 1925) | + | |
| - | * [[Virginia Johnson]] (born 1925) | + | |
| - | * [[Preben Hertoft]] (born 1928) | + | |
| - | * [[Oswalt Kolle]] (born 1928) | + | |
| - | * [[Vern Bullough]] | + | |
| - | * William Simon (1930-2000) | + | |
| - | * [[John Gagnon]] (born 1931) | + | |
| - | * [[Edward Eichel]] (born 1932) | + | |
| - | * [[Fritz Klein]] (1932–2006) | + | |
| - | * [[Milton Diamond]] (born 1934) | + | |
| - | * [[Erwin J. Haeberle]] (born 1936) | + | |
| - | * [[Gunter Schmidt]] (born 1938) | + | |
| - | * [[Rolf Gindorf]] (born 1939) | + | |
| - | * [[Volkmar Sigusch]] (born 1940) | + | |
| - | * [[Martin Dannecker]] (born 1942) | + | |
| - | * [[Simon LeVay]] (born 1943) | + | |
| - | * [[Shere Hite]] (born 1943) | + | |
| - | * [[Anne Fausto-Sterling]] (born 1944) | + | |
| - | * [[Ray Blanchard]] (born 1945) | + | |
| - | * [[Gilbert Herdt]] (born 1949) | + | |
| - | * [[Kenneth Zucker]] (born 1950) | + | |
| + | In 1992 Bullough received a Distinguished Humanist Service Award from the [[International Humanist and Ethical Union]] (IHEU), and served as co-Chairman of the IHEU (1995-1996). In 2003 he was one of the signers of the [[Humanism and Its Aspirations|Humanist Manifesto]]. Today Bullough is remembered mainly as an eminent sexologist and medical historian, and a pioneer in the scientific study of alternative sexual behaviors. He was married first to [[Bonnie Bullough]] and has four children. After the death of [[Bonnie Bullough]] in 1996 he married Gwen Brewer. He died in [[Westlake Village]]. | ||
| + | ==Published works== | ||
| + | *1977: ''A Bibliography of Prostitution''. New York: Garland (with others) | ||
| + | *1982: ''Sexual Practices and the Medieval Church''. New York: Prometheus Books {{ISBN|0-87975-268-8}} | ||
| + | *2004: ''Universities, Medicine and Science in the Medieval West,'' Ashgate | ||
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Featured: |
Vern Leroy Bullough (July 24, 1928 – June 21, 2006) was an American historian and sexologist.
He was a distinguished professor emeritus at the State University of New York (SUNY), an Outstanding Professor in the California State University, a past president of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality, past Dean of natural and social sciences at the Buffalo State College in Buffalo, New York, one of the founders of the American Association for the History of Nursing, and a member of the editorial board of Paidika: The Journal of Paedophilia.
[edit]
Biography
Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, Bullough earned his B.A. at University of Utah in 1951. He then attended University of Chicago, earning an M.A. in 1951 and a Ph.D in 1954. In 1981 he received a B.S.N. from California State University, Long Beach.
According to the university:
- He is the author, co-author, or editor of nearly 50 books, has contributed chapters to another 75 or so, and has over 100 refereed articles, and hundreds of more popular ones. His expertise encompasses several fields: sexology, history, community health and public policy, contraception and population issues. He has lectured in most of the 50 states and 20 or so foreign countries including China, Russia, Greece, Egypt, Ghana, et al. Among his many awards is the Alfred Kinsey Award for distinguished sex research.
In 1992 Bullough received a Distinguished Humanist Service Award from the International Humanist and Ethical Union (IHEU), and served as co-Chairman of the IHEU (1995-1996). In 2003 he was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto. Today Bullough is remembered mainly as an eminent sexologist and medical historian, and a pioneer in the scientific study of alternative sexual behaviors. He was married first to Bonnie Bullough and has four children. After the death of Bonnie Bullough in 1996 he married Gwen Brewer. He died in Westlake Village.
[edit]
Published works
- 1977: A Bibliography of Prostitution. New York: Garland (with others)
- 1982: Sexual Practices and the Medieval Church. New York: Prometheus Books Template:ISBN
- 2004: Universities, Medicine and Science in the Medieval West, Ashgate
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