Age of Revolution
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"What is that I hear, that note of urgency of indignation, of spiritual hunger? Yes, it's Beethoven it's the sound of the European man once more reaching for something beyond his grasp. Oh freedom, freedom, come to us again. This cry has echoed through the all the countless revolutionary movements of the last century. They suffered from the most terrible of all illusions, they believed themselves to be virtuous, and in the end were destroyed by the evil beings they had brought into existence." --Civilisation (1969) by Kenneth Clark voice-over |
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The Age of Revolution was a time period experiencing a change of power: from absolutism to a more free, democratic government. The Age of Revolution is a term used to denote the period from approximately 1775 to 1848, a time in which a number of significant revolutionary movements occurred on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean in Europe and the Americas. The period is noted for the change in government from absolutist monarchies to constitutionalist states and republics. The Age of Revolution includes the American Revolution, the French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, the revolt of the slaves in Latin America, and the independence movements of nations in Latin America. The period would generally weaken the imperialist European states, who would lose major assets throughout the New World. For the British, the loss of the Thirteen Colonies would bring a change in direction for the British Empire, with Asia and the Pacific becoming new targets for outward expansion.
References
- Dubois, Laurent. Avengers of the New World: The Story of the Haitian Revolution. New York: Belknap Press, 2005.
- Gilroy, Paul. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Harvard University Press, 1993.
- Hobsbawn, Eric. The Age of Revolution: 1789-1848. London: Peter Smith Pub Inc., 1999.
- James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. New York: Vintage Press, 1989 (1962).
- Linebaugh, Peter and Rediker, Marcus. The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic . Boston: Beacon Press, 2001.
- Macaulay, Catharine and Warren, Mercy Otis. The Revolutionary Atlantic and the Politics of Gender. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
- Rothman, Adam and Games, Alison. "Major Problems in Atlantic History". Houghton Mifflin.
- Armitage, David & Sanjay Subrahmanyam, ed. The Age of Revolutions in Global Context, c. 1760-1840. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.
