Alain Daniélou
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| - | :''[[20th century music]]'' | ||
| - | the [[microtonal]] music written by [[Easley Blackwood, Jr.|Easley Blackwood]], [[Alois Hába]], [[Ben Johnston (composer)|Ben Johnston]], [[Harry Partch]], and others | ||
| + | '''Alain Daniélou''' ([[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], [[Hauts-de-Seine]], [[4 October]] [[1907]]–Lonay [[Switzerland]], [[27 January]] [[1994]]) was a [[France|French]] [[historian]], [[intellectual]], [[musicologist]], [[Indologist]], and a noted western convert to and expert of [[Shaivism|Shaivite]] [[Hinduism]]. | ||
| - | '''Microtonal music''' is [[music]] using ''microtones'' — [[musical interval|intervals]] of less than an [[Equal Temperament|equally spaced]] [[semitone]]. | + | His mother, Madeleine Clamorgan, was from an old family of the Norman nobility; a fervent [[Catholic]], she founded a religious order for women teachers in civilian costume under the patronage of [[Francis Xavier|St. François-Xavier]]. His father, Charles Daniélou, was an anticlerical [[Bretagne|Breton]] politician who held numerous national ministerial posts. One of his brothers was [[Roman Catholic]] prelate and [[Académie française]] member, [[Jean Daniélou]]. |
| - | '''Microtonal music''' can also refer to music which uses intervals not found in the Western system of 12 equal intervals to the octave. | + | |
| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | * [[Musical scale]] | + | |
| - | * [[3rd Bridge]] | + | |
| - | * [[Arab tone system]] and [[maqam]] | + | |
| - | * [[Harry Partch's 43-tone scale]] | + | |
| - | * [[Fokker periodicity blocks]] | + | |
| - | * [[Bohlen-Pierce scale]] | + | |
| - | * [[Genus (music)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Harmony]] | + | |
| - | * [[Just intonation]] | + | |
| - | * [[Lucy Tuning]] | + | |
| - | * [[Microtuner]] | + | |
| - | * [[Quarter tone]] | + | |
| - | * [[Raga]] | + | |
| - | * [[Scala#Musical Tuning|Scala]] | + | |
| - | * [[Music of India]] | + | |
| - | ===Western microtonal pioneers=== | + | The young Daniélou studied singing under the famous [[Charles Panzéra]], as well as classical dancing with [[Nicholas Legat]] (teacher of [[Vaslav Nijinsky]]), and composition with [[Max d'Ollone]]. |
| - | Pioneers of modern Western microtonal music include: | + | |
| - | * [[Henry Ward Poole]] (keyboard designs, 1825–1890) | + | |
| - | * [[Charles Ives]] (U.S.A., 1874–1954, quartertones) | + | |
| - | * [[Julián Carrillo]] (Mexico, 1875–1965) many different equal temperaments, look [http://paginas.tol.itesm.mx/campus/L00280370/carrillo.html here] or [http://paginas.tol.itesm.mx/campus/L00280370/julian.html here] (mostly Spanish but some English too) | + | |
| - | * [[Béla Bartók]] (Hungary, 1881–1945, rare uses of quartertones) | + | |
| - | * [[George Enescu]] (Romania, France, 1881–1955) (in ''[[Œdipe (opera)|Œdipe]]'' to suggest the [[enharmonic genus]] of [[ancient Greek music]], and in the Third Violin Sonata, as inflections characteristic of Romanian folk music) | + | |
| - | * [[Karol Szymanowski]] (Poland, 1882–1937, used quartertones on the violin in ''Myths'' Op. 30, 1915) | + | |
| - | * [[Percy Grainger]] (Australia, 1882–1961, particularly works for his "free music machine") | + | |
| - | * [[Edgard Varèse]] (France, U.S.A., 1883–1965, quartertones) | + | |
| - | * [[Luigi Russolo]] (Italy, 1885–1947, used quartertones and eighth tones on the ''Intonarumori'', noise instruments) | + | |
| - | * [[Mildred Couper]] (U.S.A., 1887–1974, quartertones) | + | |
| - | * [[Alois Hába]] (Czechoslovakia, 1893–1973, quartertones and other equal temperaments) | + | |
| - | * [[Ivan Wyschnegradsky]] (U.S.S.R. (Russia), France, 1893–1979, quartertones, twelfth tones and other equal temperaments) | + | |
| - | * [[Harry Partch]] (U.S.A., 1901–1974, just intonation) | + | |
| - | * [[Eivind Groven]] (Norway, 1901–1977, 53ET) | + | |
| - | * [[Henk Badings]] (The Netherlands, 1907–1987, 31ET) | + | |
| - | * [[Maurice Ohana]] (France, 1913–1992, third tones (18-equal) temperament and quarter tones (24ET) most particularly) | + | |
| - | * [[Giacinto Scelsi]] (Italy, 1905–1988, intuitive linear tone deviations, quartertones, eighth tones) | + | |
| - | * [[Lou Harrison]] (U.S.A., 1917–2003, just intonation) | + | |
| - | * [[Ivor Darreg]] (U.S.A., 1917–1994) | + | |
| - | * [[Jean-Etienne Marie]] (France, 1919–1989, many different equal temperaments: 18ET, 24ET, 30ET, 36ET, 48ET, 96ET most particularly and polymicrotonality) | + | |
| - | * [[Franz Richter Herf]] (Austria, 1920–1989, 72-equal temperament, "ekmelic" music) | + | |
| - | * [[Iannis Xenakis]] (Greece, France, 1922–2001, quarter and third tones most particularly, occasionally eighth tones) | + | |
| - | * [[György Ligeti]] (Hungary, 1923–2006, ''Ramifications'' in quartertone tuning, natural harmonics in his Horn Trio, later just intonation in his solo concertos) | + | |
| - | * [[Luigi Nono]] (Italy, 1924-1990, quartetones, eighth tones and 16th tones) | + | |
| - | * [[Claude Ballif]] (France, 1924-2004, quartertones) | + | |
| - | * [[Tui St. George Tucker]] (1924–2004) | + | |
| - | * [[Pierre Boulez]] (France, b. 1925) (first attempt of [[serial music]] with quartertones in his pieces ''Visage Nuptial'' and "Polyphonie X", but soon after abandoning microtonal elements) | + | |
| - | * [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]] (Germany, 1928–2007, in his electronic works many microtonal concepts, non-octaving scales in ''Studie II'', just intonation in ''[[Gruppen (Stockhausen)|Gruppen]]'' and ''[[Stimmung]]'', microtonal instrumental and vocal writing throughout ''[[Licht]]'') | + | |
| - | * [[Ben Johnston (composer)|Ben Johnston]] (U.S.A., b. 1926, extended just intonation) | + | |
| - | * [[Ezra Sims]] (U.S.A., b. 1928, 72-tone equal temperament) | + | |
| - | * [[Erv Wilson]] (b. 1928) | + | |
| - | * [[Alvin Lucier]] (U.S.A., b. 1931) | + | |
| - | * [[Joel Mandelbaum]] (U.S.A., b. 1932) | + | |
| - | * [[Krzysztof Penderecki]] (Poland, b. 1933, quartertones) | + | |
| - | * [[Easley Blackwood (musician)|Easley Blackwood]] (b. 1933) | + | |
| - | * [[Alain Bancquart]](France, b.1934) (quarter tones and 16th tones) | + | |
| - | * [[James Tenney]] (U.S.A., 1934–2006, just intonation, 72-tone equal temperament) | + | |
| - | * [[Terry Riley]] (U.S.A., b. 1935, just intonation) | + | |
| - | * [[La Monte Young]] (U.S.A., b. 1935, just intonation) | + | |
| - | * [[Douglas Leedy]] (b. 1938, just intonation, meantone) | + | |
| - | * [[Wendy Carlos]] (U.S.A., b. 1939, non-octaving scales) | + | |
| - | * [[Bruce Mather]] (Canada, b.1939, different equal temperaments, following Wyschnegradsky) | + | |
| - | * [[Brian Ferneyhough]] (Great Britain, b. 1943, quartertones, 31ET in ''Unity Capsule'' for solo flute,1976) | + | |
| - | ===Recent microtonal composers=== | + | He and his partner, [[Swiss photographer]] [[:fr:Raymond Burnier]], first went to India as part of an adventure trip, and they were fascinated with the art and culture of the nation. Daniélou was one of the first Westerners to visit India's [[Khajuraho Group of Monuments|famed erotic temples in the village of Khajuraho]]. His stunning photographs of the ancient temple complex launched the site internationally. The first-ever photo exhibition at [[Metropolitan Museum of Art|New York's Metropolitan Museum]] were those of Khajuraho taken by Daniélou. |
| - | * [[Clarence Barlow]] (b. 1945) | + | |
| - | * [[Jonathan Glasier]] (b. 1945) | + | |
| - | * [[Gérard Grisey]] (1946-1998) (spectral approach to microintervals, quartertones, eighth tones) | + | |
| - | * [[Charles Lucy (composer)|Charles Lucy]] (b. 1946) (Lucy Tuning) | + | |
| - | * [[Max Méreaux]] (b. 1946) | + | |
| - | * [[Tristan Murail]] (b. 1947) (spectral approach to microintervals, quartertones, eighth tones) | + | |
| - | * [[Claude Vivier]] (1948-1983) | + | |
| - | * [[Glenn Branca]] (b. 1948) | + | |
| - | * [[Warren Burt]] (b. 1949) | + | |
| - | * [[Manfred Stahnke]] (b. 1951) | + | |
| - | * [[Kraig Grady]] (b. 1952) (invented acoustic instruments in just intonation & recurrent sequences) | + | |
| - | * [[David First]] (b. 1953) | + | |
| - | * [[Bill Wesley]] (b. 1953) | + | |
| - | * [[James Wood (composer)|James Wood]] (b. 1953) | + | |
| - | * [[Paul Dirmeikis]] (b.1954) | + | |
| - | * [[Pascale Criton]] (b. 1954) (different equal temperaments, most particularly very dense ETs such as the 96ET) | + | |
| - | * [[Kyle Gann]] (b. 1955) | + | |
| - | * [[Pascal Dusapin]] (b. 1955) (different equal temperaments, notably the 48ET) | + | |
| - | * [[Johnny Reinhard]] (b. 1956) (different equal temperaments, just intonation, polymicrotonally) | + | |
| - | * [[Eric Mandat]] (b. 1957) | + | |
| - | * [[Erling Wold]] (b. 1958) | + | |
| - | * [[Martin Smolka]] (b. 1959) | + | |
| - | * [[Georg Hajdu]] (b. 1960) | + | |
| - | * [[Daniel James Wolf]] (b. 1961) | + | |
| - | * [[François Paris]] (b.1961) | + | |
| - | * [[Harold Fortuin]] (b. 1964) | + | |
| - | * [[Aphex Twin|Richard D. James]] (b. 1971) | + | |
| - | * [[Adam Silverman]] (b. 1973) | + | |
| - | * [[Yuri Landman]] (b. 1973) | + | |
| - | * [[Kristoffer Zegers]] (b. 1973) | + | |
| - | * [[Geoff Smith (British musician)|Geoff Smith]] | + | |
| - | * [[Shaahin Mohajeri]] (b. 1971) (different systems such as the 96-EDO,ADO,EDL,...) | + | |
| - | ===Microtonal researchers=== | + | But his more important contribution to [[Indology]] is his writings on the ancient wisdom of the [[Vedas|Veda]], Hindu philosophy, and [[Shaivism]]. |
| - | * [[Christiaan Huygens]] (1629-1695) | + | |
| - | * [[Julián Carrillo]] (1875-1965) | + | In 1949, Daniélou was appointed professor at the Hindu University of Benares |
| - | * [[Adriaan Daniël Fokker]] (1887-1972) | + | and director of the College of Indian Music. |
| - | * [[Ivan Wyschnegradsky]] (1893-1979) | + | |
| - | * [[Alois Hába]] (1893-1973) | + | He is the author of over thirty books on Indian music and culture. He received several awards for his work on music. He was also a photographer and painter. He studied Indian classical music in [[Varanasi]] with Shivendranath Basu and played the [[veena]]. He also translated some of the works of [[Swami Karpatri]] by whom he was initiated into [[Shaivism]] under the name Shiva Sharan (Protected by Shiva). He is perhaps best remembered for his important work on classical [[Indian music]]. |
| - | * [[Harry Partch]] (1901-1974) | + | |
| - | * [[Alain Daniélou]] (1907-1994) | + | He was an Officer of the [[Légion d'Honneur]], an Officer of the |
| - | * [[Jean-Etienne Marie]] (1917-1989) | + | [[Ordre National du Mérite]], and Commander of Arts and Letters. He was the director of the [[UNESCO Collection]] series, a series of recordings of traditional [[world music]]. In 1981, |
| - | * [[Erv Wilson]] (b. 1928) | + | he received the UNESCO/CIM prize for music, and, in 1987 the Kathmandu |
| - | * [[Joel Mandelbaum]] (b. 1932) | + | Medal from [[UNESCO]]. |
| - | * [[James Tenney]] (1934-2006) | + | |
| - | * [[Clarence Barlow]] (b. 1945) | + | == Works == |
| - | * [[Georg Hajdu]] (b. 1960) | + | * ''While the Gods play, Shaiva Oracles & Predictions on the Cycles of History & Destiny of Mankind'' |
| - | * [[Bob Gilmore]] (b. 1961) | + | * ''Gods of Love & Ecstasy, The Tradition of Shiva & Dionysus, Omnipresent Gods of Transcendence'' |
| + | * ''The Hindu Temple; Deification of Eroticism'' | ||
| + | * ''Music and the Power of Sound'' | ||
| + | * ''A Brief History of India'' ([[Inner Traditions]], 2003) | ||
| + | * ''The first unabridged translation of the Kama Sutra'' | ||
| + | * ''Virtue, Success, Pleasure and Liberation'' (''The Four Aims of Life'') | ||
| + | * ''Ragas of North Indian Classical Music'' | ||
| + | * ''The Way to the Labyrinth: An Autobiography'' published by [[New Directions]]. Currently available | ||
| + | * ''The Myths and Gods of India, Hindu Polytheism'' | ||
| + | * ''Yoga, The Method of Re-Integration'' | ||
| + | * ''Yoga, Mastering the Secrets of Matter and the Universe'' | ||
| + | * ''Fools of God'' | ||
| + | * ''Song-poems - Rabindranath Tagore, Texts in English, French and Bengali & Melodies'' | ||
| + | * ''The Congress of the World With miniatures of tantric cosmology'' | ||
| + | * ''Sacred Music, its Origins, Powers and Future, Traditional Music in Today's World'' | ||
| + | * ''The situation of Music and Musicians in the countries of the Orient'' | ||
| + | * ''Introduction to The Study of Musical Scales'' | ||
| + | * ''Northern Indian Music: Vol. One, Theory, History and Technique'' | ||
| + | * ''Northern Indian Music: Vol. Two, The Main Ragas'' | ||
| + | * ''The Phallus, Sacred Symbol of Male Creative Power'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Discography == | ||
| + | *[[Unesco Collection: A Musical Anthology of the Orient]] | ||
| + | *[[Anthology of Indian Classical Music - A Tribute to Alain Daniélou]] | ||
| + | *''Musiciens et Danseurs de la caste des Ahirs'' (1951) | ||
| + | *''Religious Music of India (1952)'' | ||
| + | *''Musical Sources (Philips, Holland)'' | ||
| + | *''Anthology of North Indian Classical Music - (Bärenreiter-Musicaphon, Kassel)'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | == See also == | ||
| + | *[[Francois Gautier]] | ||
| + | *[[Michel Danino]] | ||
| + | *[[Jean Filliozat]] | ||
| + | *[[Louis Renou]] | ||
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Alain Daniélou (Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, 4 October 1907–Lonay Switzerland, 27 January 1994) was a French historian, intellectual, musicologist, Indologist, and a noted western convert to and expert of Shaivite Hinduism.
His mother, Madeleine Clamorgan, was from an old family of the Norman nobility; a fervent Catholic, she founded a religious order for women teachers in civilian costume under the patronage of St. François-Xavier. His father, Charles Daniélou, was an anticlerical Breton politician who held numerous national ministerial posts. One of his brothers was Roman Catholic prelate and Académie française member, Jean Daniélou.
The young Daniélou studied singing under the famous Charles Panzéra, as well as classical dancing with Nicholas Legat (teacher of Vaslav Nijinsky), and composition with Max d'Ollone.
He and his partner, Swiss photographer fr:Raymond Burnier, first went to India as part of an adventure trip, and they were fascinated with the art and culture of the nation. Daniélou was one of the first Westerners to visit India's famed erotic temples in the village of Khajuraho. His stunning photographs of the ancient temple complex launched the site internationally. The first-ever photo exhibition at New York's Metropolitan Museum were those of Khajuraho taken by Daniélou.
But his more important contribution to Indology is his writings on the ancient wisdom of the Veda, Hindu philosophy, and Shaivism.
In 1949, Daniélou was appointed professor at the Hindu University of Benares and director of the College of Indian Music.
He is the author of over thirty books on Indian music and culture. He received several awards for his work on music. He was also a photographer and painter. He studied Indian classical music in Varanasi with Shivendranath Basu and played the veena. He also translated some of the works of Swami Karpatri by whom he was initiated into Shaivism under the name Shiva Sharan (Protected by Shiva). He is perhaps best remembered for his important work on classical Indian music.
He was an Officer of the Légion d'Honneur, an Officer of the Ordre National du Mérite, and Commander of Arts and Letters. He was the director of the UNESCO Collection series, a series of recordings of traditional world music. In 1981, he received the UNESCO/CIM prize for music, and, in 1987 the Kathmandu Medal from UNESCO.
[edit]
Works
- While the Gods play, Shaiva Oracles & Predictions on the Cycles of History & Destiny of Mankind
- Gods of Love & Ecstasy, The Tradition of Shiva & Dionysus, Omnipresent Gods of Transcendence
- The Hindu Temple; Deification of Eroticism
- Music and the Power of Sound
- A Brief History of India (Inner Traditions, 2003)
- The first unabridged translation of the Kama Sutra
- Virtue, Success, Pleasure and Liberation (The Four Aims of Life)
- Ragas of North Indian Classical Music
- The Way to the Labyrinth: An Autobiography published by New Directions. Currently available
- The Myths and Gods of India, Hindu Polytheism
- Yoga, The Method of Re-Integration
- Yoga, Mastering the Secrets of Matter and the Universe
- Fools of God
- Song-poems - Rabindranath Tagore, Texts in English, French and Bengali & Melodies
- The Congress of the World With miniatures of tantric cosmology
- Sacred Music, its Origins, Powers and Future, Traditional Music in Today's World
- The situation of Music and Musicians in the countries of the Orient
- Introduction to The Study of Musical Scales
- Northern Indian Music: Vol. One, Theory, History and Technique
- Northern Indian Music: Vol. Two, The Main Ragas
- The Phallus, Sacred Symbol of Male Creative Power
[edit]
Discography
- Unesco Collection: A Musical Anthology of the Orient
- Anthology of Indian Classical Music - A Tribute to Alain Daniélou
- Musiciens et Danseurs de la caste des Ahirs (1951)
- Religious Music of India (1952)
- Musical Sources (Philips, Holland)
- Anthology of North Indian Classical Music - (Bärenreiter-Musicaphon, Kassel)
[edit]
See also
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