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Anactoria (or Anaktoria) is the name of a woman mentioned by Sappho as a lover of hers in Fragment 16 (Lobel-Page edition) [1]. Fragment 31 is traditionally called the "Ode to Anactoria", though no name appears in it (A. C. Swinburne, quoted in Lipking 1988). Anactoria is also mentioned in Sappho's "To an Army Wife, in Sardis."

Algernon Charles Swinburne wrote a long poem titled Anactoria, in which Sappho addresses Anactoria in imagery that includes sadomasochism, cannibalism, and dystheism.

Alegernon Charles Swinburne's dramatic monologue, "Anactoria" (1866) characterizes the speaker — the seventh-century BCE Aeolic Greek poetess Sappho — as a kind of lesbian vampire who entertains sadistic fantasies of cannibalizing her lover, Anactoria, while immortalizing her death in poetry. "Anactoria", which is clearly influenced by the writings of Sade (particularly L'Histoire de Juliette) and Baudelaire (the poem "Femmes damnées"), also has the distinction of being the only dramatic monologue in Victorian poetry which assumes the voice of a woman.