Aplysia
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | '''Habituation''' is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated presentations As a procedure, habituation is the repeated presentation of an eliciting stimulus that results in the decline of the elicited behavior (the process of habituation). This can be rooted from one becoming accustomed to a stimulus to such an extent, that they are simply less responsive or reactive to the stimulus. This process is gradual and is caused after prolonged exposure to the said stimulus. This can include an old ring tone which may not grab our attention quicker than a new ring tone to which we are not well-adapted. | + | '''''Aplysia''''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|p|l|ɪ|ʒ|(|i|)||ə}}) is a [[genus]] of medium-sized to extremely large [[sea slug]]s, specifically [[sea hare]]s, which are one [[clade]] of large [[Opisthobranchia|sea slug]]s, [[marine (ocean)|marine]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]]s. |
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| - | ==See also== | + | |
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| - | * [[Aplysia]] | + | |
| - | * [[Consumer demand tests (animals)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Hedonic adaptation]] | + | |
| - | * [[Neural adaptation]] | + | |
| - | * [[Preference tests (animals)]] | + | |
| - | * [[Tachyphylaxis]], the effect of continued exogenous entries (habituation of) into the metabolism of an organism within the scope/field of biological chemistry | + | |
| + | These [[benthic]] herbivorous creatures can become rather large compared with most other mollusks. They graze in tidal and subtidal zones of tropical waters, mostly in the [[Indo-Pacific]] Ocean (23 species); but they can also be found in the [[Atlantic Ocean]] (12 species), with a few species occurring in the [[Mediterranean]]. | ||
| + | ''Aplysia'' species, when threatened, frequently release clouds of ink, it is believed in order to blind the attacker (though they are in fact considered edible by relatively few species). Following the lead of [[Eric R. Kandel]], the genus has been studied as a [[model organism]] by [[neurobiology|neurobiologists]], because its [[Aplysia gill and siphon withdrawal reflex|gill and siphon withdrawal reflex]], as studied in ''Aplysia californica'', is mediated by [[electrical synapse]]s, which allow several [[neuron]]s to fire synchronously. This quick neural response is necessary for a speedy reaction to danger by the animal. Aplysia has only about 20,000 [[neurons]], making it a favorite subject for investigation by neuroscientists. Also, the 'tongue' on the underside is controlled by only two neurons, which allowed complete mapping of the innervation network to be carried out. | ||
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Aplysia (Template:IPAc-en) is a genus of medium-sized to extremely large sea slugs, specifically sea hares, which are one clade of large sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks.
These benthic herbivorous creatures can become rather large compared with most other mollusks. They graze in tidal and subtidal zones of tropical waters, mostly in the Indo-Pacific Ocean (23 species); but they can also be found in the Atlantic Ocean (12 species), with a few species occurring in the Mediterranean.
Aplysia species, when threatened, frequently release clouds of ink, it is believed in order to blind the attacker (though they are in fact considered edible by relatively few species). Following the lead of Eric R. Kandel, the genus has been studied as a model organism by neurobiologists, because its gill and siphon withdrawal reflex, as studied in Aplysia californica, is mediated by electrical synapses, which allow several neurons to fire synchronously. This quick neural response is necessary for a speedy reaction to danger by the animal. Aplysia has only about 20,000 neurons, making it a favorite subject for investigation by neuroscientists. Also, the 'tongue' on the underside is controlled by only two neurons, which allowed complete mapping of the innervation network to be carried out.
