Barbarian
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "THE ages, we call [[Barbarian|barbarous]], present us with many a subject of curious speculation. What, for instance, is more remarkable than the Gothic [[Chivalry]]? or than the spirit of [[Romance]], which took its rise from that singular institution? Nothing in [[human nature]], my dear friend, is without its reasons. The modes and fashions of different times may appear, at first sight, fantastic and unaccountable. But they, who look nearly into them, discover some latent cause of their production."--''[[Letters on Chivalry and Romance]]'' (1762) by Richard Hurd | ||
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| The term "'''barbarian'''" refers to a person who is perceived to be [[uncultured]]. The word is often used either in a general reference to member of a nation or ''[[ethnic group|ethnos]]'', typically a [[tribal society]] as seen by an urban [[civilization]] either viewed as inferior, or admired as a [[noble savage]]. In idiomatic or figurative usage, a "barbarian" may also be an individual reference to a brutal, cruel, warlike, insensitive person. | The term "'''barbarian'''" refers to a person who is perceived to be [[uncultured]]. The word is often used either in a general reference to member of a nation or ''[[ethnic group|ethnos]]'', typically a [[tribal society]] as seen by an urban [[civilization]] either viewed as inferior, or admired as a [[noble savage]]. In idiomatic or figurative usage, a "barbarian" may also be an individual reference to a brutal, cruel, warlike, insensitive person. | ||
Revision as of 13:32, 24 July 2023
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"THE ages, we call barbarous, present us with many a subject of curious speculation. What, for instance, is more remarkable than the Gothic Chivalry? or than the spirit of Romance, which took its rise from that singular institution? Nothing in human nature, my dear friend, is without its reasons. The modes and fashions of different times may appear, at first sight, fantastic and unaccountable. But they, who look nearly into them, discover some latent cause of their production."--Letters on Chivalry and Romance (1762) by Richard Hurd |
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The term "barbarian" refers to a person who is perceived to be uncultured. The word is often used either in a general reference to member of a nation or ethnos, typically a tribal society as seen by an urban civilization either viewed as inferior, or admired as a noble savage. In idiomatic or figurative usage, a "barbarian" may also be an individual reference to a brutal, cruel, warlike, insensitive person.
The term originates from the ancient Greek word βάρβαρος (barbaros). Hence the Greek idiom "πᾶς μὴ Ἕλλην βάρβαρος" (pas mē Hellēn barbaros) which literally means "whoever is not Greek is a barbarian". In ancient times, Greeks used it for the people of different cultures but also to deride other Greek tribes and states; in the early modern period and sometimes later, they used it for the Turks, in a clearly pejorative way. Comparable notions are found in non-European civilizations. In the Roman Empire, Romans used the word barbarian for the Germanics, Celts, Carthaginians, Iberians, Thracians, Persians and in some respects the Greeks themselves.
Barbarity
See also
- Barbarian invasions
- Barbarism
- Barbarism (linguistics)
- Berber (name)
- Civilization
- Ethnic groups in Chinese history
- Ethnocentrism
- Ethnography
- Ethnology
- Mleccha
- Noble savage
- Philistine
- Sack of Rome
- Skræling
- Socialisme ou Barbarie
- Stateless societies
- Vandals
- Future Shock
