Battle of Roncevaux Pass
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| The '''Battle of Roncevaux Pass''' ([[French language|French]] and English spelling, ''[[Roncesvalles]]'' in Spanish, ''Orreaga'' in [[Basque language|Basque]]) in 778 saw a large force of [[Basque people|Basques]] ambush a part of [[Charlemagne]]'s army in [[Roncevaux Pass]], a high mountain pass in the [[Pyrenees]] on the present border between France and Spain, after his invasion of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. | The '''Battle of Roncevaux Pass''' ([[French language|French]] and English spelling, ''[[Roncesvalles]]'' in Spanish, ''Orreaga'' in [[Basque language|Basque]]) in 778 saw a large force of [[Basque people|Basques]] ambush a part of [[Charlemagne]]'s army in [[Roncevaux Pass]], a high mountain pass in the [[Pyrenees]] on the present border between France and Spain, after his invasion of the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. | ||
| - | The Basque attack was a retaliation for Charlemagne's destruction of the city walls of their capital, [[Pamplona, Spain|Pamplona]]. As the Franks retreated across the Pyrenees back to France, the rearguard of Frankish [[Knight#Carolingian age|lords]] was cut off, [[Last stand|stood its ground]], and was wiped out. Roncevaux was Charlemagne's only military defeat.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}} | + | The Basque attack was a retaliation for Charlemagne's destruction of the city walls of their capital, [[Pamplona, Spain|Pamplona]]. As the Franks retreated across the Pyrenees back to France, the rearguard of Frankish [[Knight#Carolingian age|lords]] was cut off, [[Last stand|stood its ground]], and was wiped out. Roncevaux was Charlemagne's only military defeat. |
| The battle elevated the relatively obscure [[Roland]] and the [[paladin]]s into legend, becoming the quintessential role model for [[knights]] and also greatly influencing the code of [[chivalry]] in the [[Middle Ages]]. There are numerous written works about the battle, some of which change and exaggerate events. The battle is recounted in the 11th century ''[[The Song of Roland]]'', the oldest surviving major work of [[French literature]], and in ''[[Orlando Furioso]]'', one of the most celebrated works of [[Italian literature]]. Modern adaptations of the battle include books, plays and works of fiction, and monuments in the Pyrenees. | The battle elevated the relatively obscure [[Roland]] and the [[paladin]]s into legend, becoming the quintessential role model for [[knights]] and also greatly influencing the code of [[chivalry]] in the [[Middle Ages]]. There are numerous written works about the battle, some of which change and exaggerate events. The battle is recounted in the 11th century ''[[The Song of Roland]]'', the oldest surviving major work of [[French literature]], and in ''[[Orlando Furioso]]'', one of the most celebrated works of [[Italian literature]]. Modern adaptations of the battle include books, plays and works of fiction, and monuments in the Pyrenees. | ||
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The Battle of Roncevaux Pass (French and English spelling, Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) in 778 saw a large force of Basques ambush a part of Charlemagne's army in Roncevaux Pass, a high mountain pass in the Pyrenees on the present border between France and Spain, after his invasion of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Basque attack was a retaliation for Charlemagne's destruction of the city walls of their capital, Pamplona. As the Franks retreated across the Pyrenees back to France, the rearguard of Frankish lords was cut off, stood its ground, and was wiped out. Roncevaux was Charlemagne's only military defeat.
The battle elevated the relatively obscure Roland and the paladins into legend, becoming the quintessential role model for knights and also greatly influencing the code of chivalry in the Middle Ages. There are numerous written works about the battle, some of which change and exaggerate events. The battle is recounted in the 11th century The Song of Roland, the oldest surviving major work of French literature, and in Orlando Furioso, one of the most celebrated works of Italian literature. Modern adaptations of the battle include books, plays and works of fiction, and monuments in the Pyrenees.
