Batucada
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Batucada is a substyle of samba and refers to an African influenced Brazilian percussive style, usually performed by an ensemble. It is considered by some to be the epitome of the percussive ensemble. Batucada is characterized by its repetitive style and fast pace.
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Instruments
The wide variety of instruments used in a batucada include:
- repinique, a high-pitched tom-tom whose player is traditionally the leader of the ensemble.
- surdo, a large drum with an average size of 50 cm in diameter. It provides the downbeat, the bass downbeat of the rhythm. When only one surdo is playing, it accentuates the 2nd and 4th beat of every measure. When a second surdo is playing, it is tuned slightly higher and is played accentuating the first and third beats of the measure.
- tamborim, a small drum usually played with a stick or a multi-pronged plastic beater.
- bells (agogô, bongo, and cowbell)
- shakers (Ganzá, Afuche, and Maracas) of various types.
- caixa, a thin snare drum.
- cuica, a single headed drum with a stick mounted inside the drum body, perpendicular to the head. The instrument is played by rubbing a damp cloth along the length of this stick, while pressing the head of the drum with a finger or thumb. The closer to the stick the finger is pressed, the higher the pitch of the sound is produced. The cuica creates a unique sound, which can sometimes sound like a human voice.
- timba, a long drum that is used to produce low tones in the ensemble. It is usually played with one hand on the head, and the other beating the body of the drum.
- pandeiro, similar to a tambourine and played elaborately with the hand. Unlike the tambourine, the pandeiro can be tuned.
- reco-reco (known in Spanish as the guiro), a usually hollow wooden instrument with a ridged exterior surface that is scraped with a stick.
- apito, a small wooden whistle.
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Examples
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Songs
The song The Obvious Child from Paul Simon´s album The Rhythm of the Saints is an example of the sound of the Samba-Afro style, exemplified by the Bahian group Olodum.
Also the song El Matador from Los Fabulosos Cadillacs is an example of a batucada.
Sergio Mendes and Brazil'66 not only utilized this sound, but also recorded a song by the same name.
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Batucada" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
