Bernard Lewis
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| '''Bernard Lewis''', [[Fellow of the British Academy|FBA]] (born May 31, 1916) is a British-American historian specializing in [[oriental studies]] who is also known as a [[public intellectual]] and [[pundit (expert)|political commentator]]. He is the Cleveland E. Dodge [[Emeritus|Professor Emeritus]] of Near Eastern Studies at [[Princeton University]]. Lewis' expertise is in the [[history of Islam]] and the interaction between Islam and the West, and is especially famous in academic circles for his works on the history of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | '''Bernard Lewis''', [[Fellow of the British Academy|FBA]] (born May 31, 1916) is a British-American historian specializing in [[oriental studies]] who is also known as a [[public intellectual]] and [[pundit (expert)|political commentator]]. He is the Cleveland E. Dodge [[Emeritus|Professor Emeritus]] of Near Eastern Studies at [[Princeton University]]. Lewis' expertise is in the [[history of Islam]] and the interaction between Islam and the West, and is especially famous in academic circles for his works on the history of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. | ||
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| - | :"Our second disagreement, if that’s the right word for it, concerned Lewis’s 1990 essay, “[[The Roots of Muslim Rage]],” in the Atlantic Monthly, where he used the term “[[clash of civilizations]]” to describe the rivalry between Islam and the Judeo-Christian West. As Martin Kramer writes, the phrase later inspired [[Samuel Huntington]]’s essay and best-selling book under that title. To me, however, Islam was not a civilization but rather a religion that historically had contributed to many different civilizations; the problem today, I believed, was the transformation of Islam from a religion into a radical political ideology that regarded modern civilization as its enemy." | ||
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| - | :The struggle between these rival systems has now lasted for some fourteen centuries. It began with the advent of Islam, in the seventh century, and has continued virtually to the present day. It has consisted of a long series of attacks and counterattacks, jihads and crusades, conquests and reconquests. For the first thousand years Islam was advancing, Christendom in retreat and under threat. The new faith conquered the old Christian lands of the Levant and North Africa, and invaded Europe, ruling for a while in Sicily, Spain, Portugal, and even parts of France. The attempt by the Crusaders to recover the lost lands of Christendom in the east was held and thrown back, and even the Muslims' loss of southwestern Europe to the Reconquista was amply compensated by the Islamic advance into southeastern Europe, which twice reached as far as Vienna. For the past three hundred years, since the failure of the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683 and the rise of the European colonial empires in Asia and Africa, Islam has been on the defensive, and the Christian and post-Christian civilization of Europe and her daughters has brought the whole world, including Islam, within its orbit. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * “[[The Return of Islam]],” published in [[Commentary magazine]] in January 1976. | * “[[The Return of Islam]],” published in [[Commentary magazine]] in January 1976. | ||
| + | *“[[The Roots of Muslim Rage]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
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Bernard Lewis, FBA (born May 31, 1916) is a British-American historian specializing in oriental studies who is also known as a public intellectual and political commentator. He is the Cleveland E. Dodge Professor Emeritus of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University. Lewis' expertise is in the history of Islam and the interaction between Islam and the West, and is especially famous in academic circles for his works on the history of the Ottoman Empire.
See also
- “The Return of Islam,” published in Commentary magazine in January 1976.
- “The Roots of Muslim Rage
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