Candide
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| - | '''''Candide, ou l'Optimisme''''' (1759) is a [[French (language)|French language]] [[picaresque novel]] by the [[Enlightenment]] [[philosopher]] [[Voltaire]]. It was parodized as ''[[Candy (novel)|Candy]]'' which avidly read more for its titillation than its satire. | + | '''''Candide, ou l'Optimisme''''' (1759) is a [[French (language)|French language]] [[picaresque novel]] by the [[Enlightenment]] [[philosopher]] [[Voltaire]]. It was parodized in 1958 as ''[[Candy (novel)|Candy]]'' which avidly read more for its titillation than its satire. |
| Voltaire never openly admitted to having written the controversial ''Candide''; the work is signed with a [[pseudonym]]: "''Monsieur le docteur Ralph''", literally "Mister Doctor Ralph." The name and title "Candide" come from the French [[adjective]] "candide" which means "[[ingenuous]]". In translation, ''Candide, ou l'Optimisme'' has been published under various [[English (language)|English]] titles including, ''Candide: Or, All for the Best'' (1759); ''Candide: Or, The Optimist'' (1762); and ''Candide: Or, Optimism'' (1947). | Voltaire never openly admitted to having written the controversial ''Candide''; the work is signed with a [[pseudonym]]: "''Monsieur le docteur Ralph''", literally "Mister Doctor Ralph." The name and title "Candide" come from the French [[adjective]] "candide" which means "[[ingenuous]]". In translation, ''Candide, ou l'Optimisme'' has been published under various [[English (language)|English]] titles including, ''Candide: Or, All for the Best'' (1759); ''Candide: Or, The Optimist'' (1762); and ''Candide: Or, Optimism'' (1947). | ||
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Candide, ou l'Optimisme (1759) is a French language picaresque novel by the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire. It was parodized in 1958 as Candy which avidly read more for its titillation than its satire.
Voltaire never openly admitted to having written the controversial Candide; the work is signed with a pseudonym: "Monsieur le docteur Ralph", literally "Mister Doctor Ralph." The name and title "Candide" come from the French adjective "candide" which means "ingenuous". In translation, Candide, ou l'Optimisme has been published under various English titles including, Candide: Or, All for the Best (1759); Candide: Or, The Optimist (1762); and Candide: Or, Optimism (1947).
Candide is widely considered to be one of the most significant works of the Western canon, and it is thus often included on lists of most influential, or greatest books. Candide is listed in The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages; it's been named as one of the 1001 Books You Must Read Before You Die, and of the 100 Most Influential Books Ever Written; and it is included in the collection Great Books of the Western World.[1]
Publication
Voltaire began writing Candide in 1757 or 1758 before and after moving into an estate in Ferney. He also wrote part of it while visiting the Elector-Palantine at Schwetzingen for three weeks in the summer of '58. He published Candide anonymously on January 15, 1759 in Geneva, Paris and Amsterdam; one month later, The Great Council of Geneva and administrators of Paris banned the work. Candide, nevertheless, succeeded in selling 20,000–30,000 copies by the end of the year in over twenty editions. The same year, it was translated once into Italian and thrice into English.
In 1761, a version of Candide was published that included a revision of Voltaire's to the twefth chapter; this was a lengthy addition to the prose. The title of this edition was, "Candide, or Optimism. Translated from the German of Dr. Ralph. With the additions found in the Doctor's pocket when he died at Minden, in the Year of Grace 1759. [2] [May 2007]
