Cinema of Europe
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "In many ways [[Roger Corman]] is to [[Cinema of the United States |American cinema]] what [[Jesús Franco|Jess Franco]] is to [[Cinema of Europe|European cinema]]. They both directed low budget, [[B movie]] style films that attracted minority cultures." --[[Sholem Stein]] | ||
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| + | "In recent years, the term ‘new extremism’ has been used to describe (and often to decry) a growing body of films featuring extreme and graphic representations of sexuality and violence, seemingly designed with the chief aim in mind of shocking or provoking spectators. The list of filmmakers frequently assembled under this rubric is quite diverse, but often includes [[Catherine Breillat]], [[Gaspar Noé]], [[Michael Haneke]], [[Bruno Dumont]], [[Fatih Akın]], [[Claire Denis]], [[Philippe Grandrieux]], [[Lukas Moodysson]], [[Marina de Van]], [[François Ozon]] and [[Lars von Trier]], to name a few."--The New Extremism: Contemporary European Cinema [http://call-for-papers.sas.upenn.edu/cfp/2008/07/29/cfp-film-the-new-extremism-contemporary-european-cinema] | ||
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| + | "[[New German Cinema]], [[French New Wave]] and [[Italian neorealism]] are three movements in [[post-war]] [[Cinema of Europe|European cinema]] in which a new generation of directors emerged who, working with low budgets gained notice by producing a number of "small" motion pictures that caught the attention of [[Art film|art house]] audiences."--Sholem Stein | ||
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| + | [[Image:Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat, 1895.jpg|thumb|right|200px| | ||
| + | This page '''''{{PAGENAME}}''''' is part of the [[European culture]] series. | ||
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| + | Illustration: screen shot from ''[[L'arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat]]'']] | ||
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| - | The '''cinema of Europe''' has, compared to the [[cinema of the United States]], the reputation of being more liberal when it comes to the representation of nudity and sexuality but less liberal when it comes to the depiction of violence. In the US, European cinema, like [[world cinema]], is often shown in [[art film|art house theatres]]. | + | '''Cinema of Europe''' refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of [[Europe]]. [[Auguste and Louis Lumière]] began cinema as a novelty; it led to the [[silent film]] era, a period where European cinema was a major commercial success, remaining so until [[Nazi Germany]] instigated the [[European theatre of World War II|European War]]. |
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| + | Notable European early film movements include [[German Expressionism]] (1920s), [[French Impressionist Cinema]] (1920s), [[Poetic realism]] (1930s), and [[Italian neorealism]] (1940s); it was a period now seen in retrospect as [[Cinema Europe: The Other Hollywood|"The Other Hollywood"]]. | ||
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| + | Post [[World War II]] movements include [[French New Wave]] (1950s–60s), [[Polish Film School]] (1950s–60s), [[Czechoslovak New Wave]] (1960s), [[New German Cinema]] (1960s–80s), [[British New Wave]] (1950s–60s), and [[Cinema of Portugal#1960s|Novo Cinema]] (1960s–70s). The turn of the 21st century has seen movements such as [[Dogme 95]], [[New French Extremity]], and the [[Romanian New Wave]]. | ||
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| + | A key difference with [[American cinema]] is that is has traditionally been government [[arts funding|funded]], and is still so to a considerable degree. | ||
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| + | ==History== | ||
| + | ===19th century=== | ||
| + | [[Auguste and Louis Lumière|Antoine Lumière]] realized, on 28 December 1895, the first projection, with the [[Cinematograph]], in Paris. | ||
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| + | In 1897, [[Georges Méliès]] established the first cinema studio on a rooftop property in Montreuil, near Paris. | ||
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| + | ===20th century=== | ||
| + | The [[European Film Academy]] was founded in 1988 to annually celebrating European cinema through the [[European Film Awards]]. | ||
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| + | Philippe Binant realized, on 2 February 2000, the first [[digital cinema]] projection in [[Europe]], with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by [[Texas Instruments]], in Paris. | ||
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| + | ==European 'popular cinema'== | ||
| + | European '[[popular cinema]]' is a collection of genres comprising [[Eurotica]], [[Euro chic]], [[sword-and-sandal]] films, [[spaghetti western]]s, [[European comedies]] and [[European horror]]. It can be contrasted to such art genres as the French [[Nouvelle Vague]], Russian [[kino pravda]], French [[cinéma vérité]], [[German Expressionism]] and [[Italian neorealism]]. | ||
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| + | See [[European exploitation]] | ||
| - | Some notable European film movements include [[German Expressionism]], [[Italian neorealism]], [[French New Wave]], [[New German Cinema]] and [[Dogme 95]]. | + | ==European New Waves== |
| + | Some notable European "New Waves" were [[Italian Neorealism]], [[French New Wave]], [[Polish Film School]], [[New German Cinema]] and [[Czechoslovak New Wave]]. | ||
| - | A key difference with American cinema is that its European counterpart is often government [[arts funding|funded]]. | ||
| - | == By region == | ||
| - | * [[Cinema of Albania]] | + | ==See also== |
| - | * [[Cinema of Armenia]] | + | * [[List of European films]] |
| - | * [[Cinema of Austria]] | + | * [[Cinema of the world]] |
| - | * [[Cinema of Belgium]] | + | * [[World cinema]] |
| - | * [[Cinema of Bosnia-Herzegovina]] | + | * [[European Film Academy]] |
| - | * [[Cinema of Bulgaria]] | + | * [[European Audiovisual Observatory]] |
| - | * [[Cinema of Croatia]] | + | * [[European Film Promotion]] |
| - | * [[Cinema of the Czech Republic]] | + | * [[Media Plus]] |
| - | * [[Cinema of Denmark]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Estonia]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of the Faroe Islands]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Finland]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of France]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Georgia]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Germany]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Greece]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Hungary]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Iceland]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Ireland]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Italy]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Latvia]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Lithuania]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Luxembourg]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Montenegro]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of the Netherlands]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Norway]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Poland]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Portugal]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Romania]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Russia]] | + | |
| - | **<small>[[Cinema of the Russian Empire]]</small> | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Serbia]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Slovakia]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Slovenia]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of the Soviet Union]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Spain]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Sweden]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Switzerland]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Turkey]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of the United Kingdom|Cinema of the UK]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Ukraine]] | + | |
| - | * [[Cinema of Yugoslavia]] | + | |
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"In many ways Roger Corman is to American cinema what Jess Franco is to European cinema. They both directed low budget, B movie style films that attracted minority cultures." --Sholem Stein "In recent years, the term ‘new extremism’ has been used to describe (and often to decry) a growing body of films featuring extreme and graphic representations of sexuality and violence, seemingly designed with the chief aim in mind of shocking or provoking spectators. The list of filmmakers frequently assembled under this rubric is quite diverse, but often includes Catherine Breillat, Gaspar Noé, Michael Haneke, Bruno Dumont, Fatih Akın, Claire Denis, Philippe Grandrieux, Lukas Moodysson, Marina de Van, François Ozon and Lars von Trier, to name a few."--The New Extremism: Contemporary European Cinema [1] "New German Cinema, French New Wave and Italian neorealism are three movements in post-war European cinema in which a new generation of directors emerged who, working with low budgets gained notice by producing a number of "small" motion pictures that caught the attention of art house audiences."--Sholem Stein |
Illustration: screen shot from L'arrivée d'un train en gare de La Ciotat
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Cinema of Europe refers to the film industries and films produced in the continent of Europe. Auguste and Louis Lumière began cinema as a novelty; it led to the silent film era, a period where European cinema was a major commercial success, remaining so until Nazi Germany instigated the European War.
Notable European early film movements include German Expressionism (1920s), French Impressionist Cinema (1920s), Poetic realism (1930s), and Italian neorealism (1940s); it was a period now seen in retrospect as "The Other Hollywood".
Post World War II movements include French New Wave (1950s–60s), Polish Film School (1950s–60s), Czechoslovak New Wave (1960s), New German Cinema (1960s–80s), British New Wave (1950s–60s), and Novo Cinema (1960s–70s). The turn of the 21st century has seen movements such as Dogme 95, New French Extremity, and the Romanian New Wave.
A key difference with American cinema is that is has traditionally been government funded, and is still so to a considerable degree.
Contents |
History
19th century
Antoine Lumière realized, on 28 December 1895, the first projection, with the Cinematograph, in Paris.
In 1897, Georges Méliès established the first cinema studio on a rooftop property in Montreuil, near Paris.
20th century
The European Film Academy was founded in 1988 to annually celebrating European cinema through the European Film Awards.
Philippe Binant realized, on 2 February 2000, the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.
European 'popular cinema'
European 'popular cinema' is a collection of genres comprising Eurotica, Euro chic, sword-and-sandal films, spaghetti westerns, European comedies and European horror. It can be contrasted to such art genres as the French Nouvelle Vague, Russian kino pravda, French cinéma vérité, German Expressionism and Italian neorealism.
European New Waves
Some notable European "New Waves" were Italian Neorealism, French New Wave, Polish Film School, New German Cinema and Czechoslovak New Wave.
See also
- List of European films
- Cinema of the world
- World cinema
- European Film Academy
- European Audiovisual Observatory
- European Film Promotion
- Media Plus
