Urban planning
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Urban planning (urban, city, and town planning) is a technical and political process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment, including transportation networks, to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. It concerns itself with research and analysis, strategic thinking, architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation and management.
A plan can take a variety of forms including strategic plans, comprehensive plans, neighborhood plans, regulatory and incentive strategies, or historic preservation plans. Planners are often also responsible for enforcing the chosen policies.
The modern origins of urban planning lie in the movement for urban reform that arose as a reaction against the disorder of the industrial city in the mid-19th century. Urban planning can include urban renewal, by adapting urban planning methods to existing cities suffering from decline. In the late 20th century, the term sustainable development has come to represent an ideal outcome in the sum of all planning goals.
Examples
- 1853 Baron Haussmann - responsible for the broad avenues of Paris
- 1950 Le Corbusier - Chandigarh, India
- 1966 Walt Disney - Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow (concept) (Note: While never built in the form Disney intended, Walt Disney World, where EPCOT was planned, houses an amusement park by the same name and is also near the Disney Company-founded town of Celebration, Florida.)
See also
- Index of urban planning articles
- Index of urban studies articles
- List of planned cities
- List of planning journals
- List of urban planners
- List of urban theorists
- Transportation demand management
- Urbanism
