Conciliarism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"The conciliarists included a considerable number of writers, of whom the chief were Henry of Langenstein, Conrad of Gelnhausen, Francisco Zabarella, Peter d’Ailly, John Gerson, and Nicholas of Cusa. Their writings on the subject are listed in Otto Gierke, Political Theories of the Middle Age , trans. by F. W. Maitland."--A History of Political Theory (1937) by George Holland Sabine |
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Conciliarism was a reform movement in the 14th-, 15th- and 16th-century Catholic Church which held that supreme authority in the Church resided with an Ecumenical council, apart from, or even against, the pope. The movement emerged in response to the Western Schism between rival popes in Rome and Avignon. The schism inspired the summoning of the Council of Pisa (1409), which failed to end the schism, and the Council of Constance (1414–1418), which succeeded and proclaimed its own superiority over the Pope. Conciliarism reached its apex with the Council of Basel (1431–1449), which ultimately fell apart. The eventual victor in the conflict was the institution of the Papacy, confirmed by the condemnation of conciliarism at the Fifth Lateran Council, 1512–17.
